134 Annals of the South African Museum. 



related. The ornamentation, though coarser, with broader and more 

 widely spaced ribs, is of essentially the same kind, and there is the 

 deeply cut lunule. It may be judged from de Loriol's figure of a 

 left valve that a posterior lateral hinge process is present in the right 

 valve. The shell, while appearing to have very closely similar 

 hinge characters, differs from A. herzogi by its more elongated form 

 and relatively less height. English specimens from the Portland 

 Sands of Swindon, ascribed to A. samanni, have a denser costate 

 ornamentation than the example figured by de Loriol, and in this 

 they more closely resemble A. herzogi. Miss E. G. Skeat has drawn 

 attention to the fact that these English specimens, which are well 

 represented in the Sedgwick (formerly Woodwardian) Museum at 

 Cambridge, exhibit a shallow pallial sinus/ 1 ' 



A shell described by G. Miiller under the name Eriphyla stuhl- 

 manni, from the Neocomian at a locality 35 km. west of Mtshinga in 

 German East Africa,! clearly belongs to the same sub-generic group. 

 In the characters of the hinge and in the presence of marginal 

 crenulation, it resembles A. herzogi, but differs by the absence of 

 the surface ridges and sulcations and by the more inequilateral form 

 and more prominent umbones. Eriphyla stuhlmanni is accompanied 

 by a Gervillia probably identical with G. dentata Krauss. Dr. Miiller 

 refers his shell to Eriphyla without comment, and was no doubt 

 influenced by the presence of the lateral teeth. 



In the orbicular outline, the surface ornamentation and the type 

 of hinge, Astarte jugosa (Forbes) J from the Upper Cretaceous of the 

 Trichinopoly district (Utatur stage) approaches somewhat closely to 

 A. herzogi. The Indian shell was referred by Stoliczka to Speyer's 

 genus Grotriania, but this was an error of judgment. Its valves, it 

 is true, have a somewhat deepened lunule and escutcheon, but do not 

 compare in this respect with those of the true Grotriania, and, more- 

 over, have plainly developed lateral hinge-processes fitting into 

 opposing grooves. In this respect A. jugosa agrees with A. herzogi, 

 and may be classed in the same sub-division of Astarte. According 

 to the description and figures given by Stoliczka, it has a crenulated 

 valve-border and the pallial line is without a sinus. The shell 

 differs from A. herzogi by the greater compression of the valves, the 

 greater depth of the escutcheon and hinge-plate, and the more nearly 

 circular outline. 



* Skeat and Madsen (1), p. 124. 



t G. Muller (1), p. 553, Taf. xxi., figs. 3, 4 ; Taf. xxii., figs. 8-10. 



J Forbes (2), p. 142, pi. xvii.,fig. 7. 



Stoliczka (2), p. 289, pi. x., fig3. 12-14. 



