26 THE INVERTEBRATE FAUNA 



ECHINOIDEA. 



ECHINID.E. 



Echinus esculentus (Penn. sp.). 



Firth of Forth (E. F.) -, Firth of Forth 

 (M'B.). 



We have followed Professor Alex. Agassiz' 

 nomenclature of this species, which is the 

 E. sphaera of Forbes. It is our most com- 

 mon sea-urchin, and occurs from between 

 tide marks to the greatest depths in the 

 Firth. We often dredged it on the banks 

 around Inchkeith, and at various other 

 places. 



E. miliaris (Linn.). 



Firth of Forth (Ed. Mm.). 

 We have never found this species in the 

 littoral zone, but have obtained it at 5 

 fathoms off Inchkeith, and in the north 

 channel in 18 fathoms. 



Strongylocentrotus drobachiensis (0. F. Mull.). 



The Echinus neglecta of Forbes. Mr F. M. 

 Balfour has found this species on a muddy 

 bottom, at 30 fathoms, near the mouth of 

 the estuary. 



CLYPEASTRIDJS. 



Echinocyamus pusillus (Mull.). 



We found some dead specimens on the 

 shore at Largo, and have dredged it. Mr F. 

 M. Balfour found it common near Dunbar. 



SPATANGID^E. 



Spatangus purpureus (Leske). 



Leith shore (E. /".) ; Firth of Forth (Flem.) 

 Firth of Forth (M'R). 

 Not uncommon. We have frequently 

 dredged it in 5 to 12 fathoms. 



