54 THE INVERTEBRATE FAUNA 



This species occurs on sandy bottoms, and 



appears to be gregarious, as a considerable 



number of specimens are usually obtained 



together. 



We dredged it plentifully last summer off 



Kirkcaldy Bay in 9 fathoms. 



CYNTHIID^E. 



Sty ela grossularia (van Beneden). 



This species was formerly considered as 

 the young of Styela rustica (0. F. Mliller), 

 and is probably the species referred to 

 under the name of Cynthia rustica by 

 M'Bain. 



It is very common in the Firth of Forth, 

 from the shore out to deep water. It 

 occurs in profusion between tide marks at 

 Newhaven, Wardie, Aberdour, etc., cover- 

 ing the under surfaces of stones, and often 

 HOIH in such abundance as to form large masses 



of individuals adhering by their tests. 

 The tests are frequently so closely united 

 as to appear like a common investing 

 mass in which a colony of individuals is 

 imbedded. It is merely an aggregation, 

 however, and gemmation seems never to 

 take place. On the oyster bank this 

 species is found on dead shells, etc. Here, 

 though still common, the individuals are 

 not crowded together, and each is enabled 

 to preserve its characteristic blister-like 

 shape, and to develop the spreading margin, 

 which is rarely seen in specimens from 

 Newhaven. 



We have dredged this species in other 

 parts of the Forth, such as east of Inch-, 

 keith, 7 fathoms; off Kirkcaldy Bay, 9 

 fathoms; Aberlady Bay, 9 fathoms; off 

 Longniddry, 14 fathoms; off Aberdour, 



