PART II. 



CHAPTER I. 



VEGETABLE STRUCTURE VITAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS MICRO- 

 SCOPIC FORMS OF VEGETABLE" LIFE THE VEGETABLE CELL FUNGI 

 FUNGOID DISEASES MOSSES ALG.-E CONFERV/E DESMIDIACE.*: STRUC- 

 TURE OF PLANTS ADULTERATION OF ARTICLES USED FOR FOOD 

 PREPARATION FOR MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION, ETC. 



INCE the introduction of the achro- 

 matic microscope, we have obtained 

 nearly the whole of the valuable 

 information which we now possess 

 relative to the minute structure of 

 vegetables. Before that time, al- 

 though some progress had been 

 made in vegetable physiology, yet 

 the means of distinguishing one 

 structure from another, with their 

 several external characters, compre- 

 hended the amount of our botanical 

 knowledge. " The vegetation which 

 everywhere adorns the surface of 

 the globe, from the moss that 

 covers the weather-worn stone, to 

 the cedar that crowns the moun- 

 tain, is replete with matter for 

 reflection. Not a tree that lifts its 

 branches aloft, not a flower or leaf 

 that expands beneath the sunlight, but has something of 

 habit, of structure, or of form, to arrest the attention." 



