182 THE MICROSCOPE. 



stages of growth as first observed by Turpin, who carefully 

 watched the changes after mixing it with some newly-made 

 beer. Fresh yeast has the appearance seen at No. 1 ; one 

 hour after it had been added to the wort, germination 

 commenced, and produced two buds or cells, as at No. 2. 

 In three hours they were doubled, as at No. 3, and 

 attained the size of the maternal cell. In eight hours the 

 plants began to ramify, as at No. 4, and some to explode, 

 emitting a fine powder; and in three days joined filaments 

 with lateral branches were produced, as at No. 5. 



Yeast-cells occasionally form in the human body under 

 certain states of disease, principally occurring in the urine 

 of patients, hence the cell has been named Torula 

 diabetica : for the sake of comparison, a few of those 

 cells, highly magnified, are represented at No. 9, fig. 102. 

 Mr. Busk met with a peculiar disease of the stomach, in 

 some patients under his care, vomiting another form of 

 this remarkable fungi, named by Professor Goodsir Sarcina 

 ventrlculi; which under the microscope presents the appea'r- 

 ance shown in fig. 101. Dr. John Ogle tells us that he 



Fig. 101. Sarcina ventriculi. 



has met with Sarcina when disease was never previously 

 suspected to exist, the average being one out of every five 

 or six stomachs examined by him. Are not these Sarcina 

 taken into the stomach with impure water 1 



The Mycoderma cervisia of Desmazieres is another stage 

 of growth of the same plant deposited in porter- vats. Its 

 various stages are drawn in fig. 102, Nos. 6, 7, and 8 ; 

 the perfect plant is seen, with its granular contents in the 

 stem. One of the most remarkable of this tribe has been 

 committing great devastation among our grape crops 

 during the past two years. A section of the grape, mag- 



