May 7, 1891] 



NATURE 



15 



William Anderson, 



V.-P.Inst.M.E. M.T.C.E. Consulting Engineer, Royal Agri- 

 ■cultural Society of England. Pupil of the late Sir William 

 Fairbairn, F. R. S. Member of the firm of Messrs. Courtney 

 and Stephens, Engineers, of Dublin, from 1855 to 1864. 

 President, in 1863, of the Inst, of Civil Engineers of Ireland, to 

 which Society he communicated important papers: — "On the 

 Theory of Braced Girders ; " " The Strength of Railway Bridges 

 •of Small Span, and the Crossbeams of Large Bridges;" and 

 other subjects. Between 1872 and 1885, communicated many 

 important papers to the Inst, of Civil Engineers, e.g., "Ex- 

 periments on Sugar Manufacture, in Upper Egypt, by the 

 Sulphurous Acid Process;" "Experiments and Observations 

 on the Emission of Heat by Hot-water Pipes; " and " Purifi- 

 cation of Water on the Large Scale by Agitation with Iron" 

 (being a process successfully elaborated by him, and applied at 

 the Antwerp Waterworks, &c). Received the Telford Medal 

 and the James Watt Ciold Medal of the Inst. C.E. Author of 

 a Lecture on "The Generation of Steam," being one of the 

 " Heat Series " of Special Lectures delivered at the Inst. C.E. ; 

 of a Text-book on " The Conversion of Heat into Useful Work," 

 being the substance of a course ol Lectures delivered at the 

 Society of Arts under the "Howard Trust"; of a paper on 

 "New Applications of the Mechanical Properties of Cork," 

 •communicated as a Lecture to the Royal Institution ; and of 

 various papers communicated to the Inst, of Mechanical 

 Enjineers, the Royal Agricultural Society, &c. Distinguished 

 for the ability with which he has applied his intimate knowledge 

 •of the science of heat, and other cognate sciences, to the practical 

 requirements of the engineer. 



Frederick Orpen Bower, D.Sc. (Camb.), 

 F.L. S., F. R.S.E. Regius Professor of Botany in the Uni- 

 versity of Glasgow. Distinguished for his researches in 

 histological and morphological botany. Author (in conjunction 

 with Prof. S. H. Vines, F.R.S.) of "A Course of Practical 

 Instruction in Botany," and of the following papers, amongst 

 others : — On the Development of the Conceptacle in Fiicacese" 

 {Qttarl. Journ. Micros. Set., 1879) ; "On the Germination of 

 Wehoitschia" [ibid., 1880) ; "On the Further Development of 

 IVelwitschia" {ibid., 1881) ; "On the Germination and Em- 

 bryogeny oi Gne um Gnemon" {QuarL Journ. Micrrs. Sci., 

 1882); "On the Structure of the Stem of Rhynchopetalum 

 fnontanum" {]o\xxn. Linn. Soc, 1883); " On the Comparative 

 Morphology of the Leaf in Vascular Cryptogams and Gymno- 

 sperms" (Phil. Trans., 1884) ; "On the Apex of the Root of 

 Os/niinda and 7'odia" (Quart. Journ. Micros. Sci., 1884); 

 " On Apospory in ^"erns " (Journ. Linn. Soc, 1884) ; " On the 

 Development and Morphology of Phylloglossiun Drttmmondii" 

 (Phil. Trans., 1885); " On Apospory and Allied Phenomena" 

 (Trans. Linn. Soc, 1887) ; " On the Limits of the Use of the 

 Terms Phyllome and Caulome " {Annals of Bat., 1887) ; "On 

 the Modes of Climbing in the Genus Calamus" {ibid.); "On 

 some Normal and Abnormal Developments of the Oophyte in 

 Trichomanes" (z/'/r/.) ; '^ Ihtmboldlia laurifclia as a Myrmeko- 

 philous Plant " (Trans. Phil. Soc Gla'ig.) ; "The Comparative 

 Examinati m of the Meristems of Ferns as a PhyLigenetic 

 'S>\.Vid^y" {Annals of Bot., 1889); "On the Morphology of the 

 Leaf of Nepenthes" (/71/V/.) ; "On Antithetic as distinct from 

 Homologous Alternation of Generations in Plants" {ibid., 1890). 

 Translator (in conjunction with Dr. D. H. Scott) of " Com- 

 parative Anatomy of ihe Phanerogams and Ferns," by Anton 

 <le Bary (Clarendon Press, 1884). 



Sir John Conroy, Bart, M.A., 

 F.C.S. Lecturer on Physics and Chemistry, Keble College, 

 Oxford. An assiduous Student of Experimental Science, and 

 author of the following papers : — " On the Dioxides of Calcium 

 and Strontium" (Journ. Chem. Soc, 1873) ; " On the Polariza- 

 tion of Light by Crystals of Iodine" (Proc Roy. Soc, 1876) ; 

 " Absorption -Spectra of Iodine" (Proc. Roy. Soc, 1876); 

 "On the Light reflected by Potassium Permanganate" {Phil. 

 Mag., 1878) ; " The Distribution of Heat in the Visible Spec- 

 trum " {Phil. Mag., 1879) ; " Experi uents on Metallic Reflexion " 

 (Proc Roy. Soc, 1871, 1879, 1883). 



Daniel John Cunningham, M.D. (Edin.), 

 M.D. (Dublin), F.R.C.S.L, F.R.S. E., F.Z.S., Professor of 

 Anatomy, University of Dublin. Distinguished both as a 



NO. I 123, VOL. 44] 



teacher and original inquirer. Examiner in Anatomy in the 

 Universities of London, Edinburph, and Dublin. Member of 

 Council, Royal Itish Academy. Vice-Prts. Zoological Society, 

 Ireland. Vice-Pres. Anatomical Society of Great Britain and 

 Ireland. Author of numerous anatomical memoirs in journals 

 and publications of scientific societies. More especially may be 

 mentioned — "Report on the Anatomy of the Marsupialia" 

 {Challenger Report, Part 16); "The Lumbar Curve in Man 

 and Apes," forming Cunningham Memoir, No. 2, published by 

 the Ro)al Irish Academy, 1886 ; " I'he Spinal Nervous System 

 of the Porpoise and Dolphin" {Joum. Anat. Physiol., 1876). 

 Author of a Text-book of Practical Anatomy. 



George Mercer Dawson, D.Sc, 

 F.G.S., A.R.S.M., F.R.S.C. Assistant Director, Geological 

 Survey of Canada. Much important and valuable work, more 

 especially in geology and ethnology, as in the following summary 

 statement. During his thirteen years of service on the Geol. 

 Survey (Canada) has been chiefly mgaged in working out the 

 Geology of the Norlh-VVest Territoiy and British Columbia. 

 Placed in charge of the Yukon. Expedition, 1887. Author of 

 numerous papers, chiefly geological, but including geographical, 

 ethnological, and other observations, published in the Quart. 

 Journ. Geol. Soc, Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, Canadian Natura- 

 list, Sec. These deal more e.'^pecially with the superficial 

 geology of the regions explored, but some describe Foraminifera 

 and other microscopic organisms. Author of fifteen reports 

 published by the Geological Survey of Canada, and joint author 

 (with Dr. Selwyn) of a Descriptive Sketch of the Physical 

 Geography and Geology of Canada, and (with Dr. W. F. 

 Tolmie) of Comparative Vocabularies of the Indian Tribes of 

 British Columbia. 



Edwin Bailey Elliott, M.A., 



Fellow of Queen's College, Oxford. Vice President of the 

 London Mathematical Society. Mathematical Lecturer of 

 Queen's and Corpus Christi Colleges. Distinguished as a 

 Mathematician and original investigator in various branches of 

 mathematical research. Author of the following p.ipers : — 

 " Generalization of Prevost and Lhuilier's Theorem in Chances " 

 {£d. Times, vol. xxxv.) ; "On Normals to Envelopes" {A/ess. 

 of Math., vo]. ix. p. 85) ; " On Multiple Definite Integrals" 

 (Lond. Math. Soc. Proc, vol viii., pp. 35, 146) ; " Kinematics 

 on a Sphere" {ibid., vol. xii., p. 47); "Multiple FruUanian 

 Integrals" {ibid., vol. xv., p. 12; Small Motions of Systems 

 with One Degree of Freedom" {A/ess. of Math., vol. xv., p. 

 38) ; " The Linear Partial Differential Equations satisfied by 

 Pure Ternary Reciprocants " (Lond. Math. Soc. Proc, vol. 

 xviii., p. 142) ; " On the Interchange of the Variables in certain 

 Linear Differential Operators" (Abstract, Roy. Soc. Proc, vol. 

 xlvi., p. 358 [ordered to be printed in the Phil. Trans.]); and 

 eighteen other papers printed in the London Mathematical 

 Society's Proceedings and elsewhere between the years 1875 and 

 1890. 



Percy Faraday Frankland, B.Sc, 



A.R. S.M., Ph.D. Professor of Chemistry. Formerly Senior 

 Demonstrator in the Chemical Laboratory of the Normal Schools 

 of Science, South Kensington. Author of upwards of twenty 

 original papers in the Phil. Trans, and Proc. Roy. Soc, in the 

 Journals of the Chem. Soc, the Soc. of Chem. Industry, &c. 

 Known for his researches on Bacteriology and on the Chemical 

 Aspects of Fermentation. 



Percy C. Gilchrist, 

 A.R. S.M. Metallurgist. Distinguished as a Metallurgist, 

 especially in connection with the manufacture of iron and steel. 

 In association with the late Mr. S. G. Thomas he greatly ad- 

 vanced metallurgical practice by the introduction of a process 

 which enables iron to be dephosphorized on a large scale. The 

 process, which is known as the "Basic" process, possesses 

 more than national importance, and its value has been univer- 

 sally recognized. It has further been shown that the slag, which 

 is a product of the Basic process, contains phosphorus in a form 

 which can be readily assimilated by vegetation. One result of 

 his metallurgical work has thus been to substantially benefit 

 agriculture, as more than half a million tons of basic slag are 

 now used annually as a fertilizer. He is the author of numerous 

 papers published in the Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 

 and elsewhere. 



