256 



NATURE 



[July i6, 1891 



O. Henrici, F.R.S., Professor of Mathematics, City and Guilds 

 of London Institute. 



Henry E. Armstrong, F.R.S., Professor of Chemistry, City 

 and Guilds of London Institute, Secretary Chemical 

 Society. 



R. B. Clifton, M.A., F.R.S., Professor of Natural Philosophy, 

 University of Oxford. 



J. Burdon Sanderson, F.R.S., Professor of Physiology, 

 Oxford. 



William Odling, F.R.S., Professor of Chemistry, Oxford. 



William Esson, F.R.S., Oxford. 



Edward B. Poulton, F.R.S., Oxford. 



E. Ray Lankester, F.R.S., Deputy Professor of Anatomy, 

 Oxford. 



G. Carey Foster, F.R.S., Professor of Physics, University 

 College, London ; Past President Physical Society. 



J. HoPKiNSON, F.R.S., Wheatstone Professor of Electricity, 

 King's College, London. 



Captain Abney, C.B., F.R.S. 



The Very Rev. G. G. Bradley, D.D., C.B., Dean of West- 

 minster. 



William Black. 



Lewis Morris. 



W. H. M. Christie, F.R.S., Astronomer- Royal. 



William Morris, 



Walter Crane 



W. J. Russell, F.R.S., Professor of Chemistry, St. Bartholo- 

 mew's Hospital, Past-President Chemical Society. 



The Lord Tennyson, F.R.S., Poet Laureate. 



Hallam Tennyson. 



CARDINAL HA YNALD. 



THE death of Cardinal Haynald, Archbishop of Kal- 

 ocsa, is announced in the daily papers as having 

 taken place on Saturday, the 4th inst. It was not an 

 unexpected event, as his health had been gradually 

 getting worse for some two or three years. Last year he 

 celebrated the jubilee of his priesthood, and Dr. A. 

 Kanitz, Professor of Botany in the University of Klausen- 

 burg, made it the occasion of publishing a eulogy on 

 him as a botanist. This was translated into French by 

 Prof. E. Martens, of Louvain. Although an excellent 

 botanist, Cardinal Haynald was better known as a patron 

 of botany than as a contributor to botanical literature. 

 For the following particulars of his life and work we are 

 mainly indebted to Dr. Kanitz's memoir. 



Cardinal Haynald was born about 1816. His taste 

 for botany was inherited from his father, who himself 

 possessed a fine herbarium. During his stay at Vienna, 

 in the Augustinseum, a theological college, he became 

 acquainted with Edward Fenzl, then assistant curator of the 

 botanical department of the Court, under whose tuition 

 his botanical studies took a more practical shape. His 

 priestly duties, however, did not allow him to follow his 

 favourite study until he was appointed Bishop of Transyl- 

 vania, when he began to investigate the flora of this 

 country with indefatigable zeal. He became Arch- 

 bishop of Karthago, and afterwards of Kalocsa, and 

 after the accession of Leo the Tenth to the Papal 

 chair, a Cardinal. He was a long time a prominent 

 member of the Hungarian House of Magnates, and 

 from 1873 also a member of the Royal Hungarian 

 Academy of Science. Although always overburdened 

 by the sacerdotal, political, and social duties of his high 

 position, he found time to continue his botanical studies. 

 He published only a few botanical papers, partly on 

 Hungarian plants, and partly biographical sketches of 

 botanists with whom he was more intimately acquainted, 

 as Fenzl, Parlatore, and Boissier. His greatest merit, 

 however, from a scientific point of view, was the assist- 

 ance which he gave to botanical studies in Hungary 

 by establishing a great private herbarium, which he 

 placed in the most liberal way at anybody's disposal, 

 and by the magnanimous generosity with which he 



NO. II 33, VOL. 44] 



always supported botanical enterprise, both in Hun- 

 gary and abroad. The herbarium at his residence 

 at Kalocsa was not only the richest in Hungary, but one 

 of the largest private collections on the Continent. It 

 was largely formed by the purchase of the herbaria of 

 Heuffel, Schott, Kotschy, and Sodiro. Besides these and 

 the plants collected by himself, he acquired most of the 

 collections which have been distributed by subscription. 



Hungary loses in Cardinal Haynald one of her greatest 

 patriots, who was an honour to his profession, as well 

 as to science, of which he was always a generous bene- 

 factor. Schur named after him a genus of grasses, 

 founded on Secale villosum, Linn., which is reduced by 

 Bentham and Hooker to Agropyrum, and Kanitz a genus 

 of Lobeliacese. 



OXFORD SUMMER MEETING OF UNIVERSITY 

 EXTENSION STUDENTS. 



T^HE process by which University Extension is carried 

 ■^ throughout the country and made a vehicle for the 

 further education of the adult student is well known, and 

 is gradually becoming more and more appreciated in 

 proportion as those who are responsible for the method 

 improve the lines on which it is carried out. The 

 machinery employed embraces lectures, classes, travelling 

 Hbraries, &c., but one element vitally necessary to the 

 University student is not supplied by these aids. This 

 element is that of residence, and it was a happy sug- 

 gestion on the part of the originators to propose that, for 

 one month in the Long Vacation, arrangements should be 

 made by which those who have profited by being brought 

 into contact with a University lecturer should enjoy the 

 additional advantage of being brought under the charm 

 that haunts the colleges and cloisters of Oxford and 

 Cambridge. 



The Oxford summer meeting commences on July 31, 

 and is continued throughout the month of August ; but, for 

 the benefit of students who are unable to be present 

 during so long a period, the course is divided into two 

 sections, the second commencing on August 12. It has 

 been found desirable to remove as far as possible the 

 fragmentary and isolated character of the lectures given 

 at these meetings, and therefore, while the course will be 

 complete and independent in itself, it will also form the 

 first part of a cycle of study which for its full development 

 will embrace a period of four summers. 



That these lectures propose something more than to 

 add piquancy to an agreeable picnic will be shown from 

 the following slight sketch of the subjects treated — and 

 treated by authorities of acknowledged reputation. To 

 take the lectures on natural science first : in physiology, 

 Mr. Poulton will discuss the recent criticisms of Weis- 

 mann's theory of heredity, and Mr. Gotch will lecture 

 on the functions of the heart. In chemistry. Prof. 

 Odling lectures on the benzene ring, and under the 

 supervision of Mr. Marsh a course of practical chemistry 

 will be conducted in the laboratory of the University 

 Museum. In geology, a course of practical instruction 

 will be given by Prof. Green and Mr. Badger, to in- 

 clude excursions in the neighbourhood of Oxford. A 

 class in practical astronomy will be welcomed at the 

 University Observatory ; while electricity finds an able 

 exponent in Mr. G. J. Burch. But the distinguishing 

 feature of this meeting is the attention given to agri- 

 cultural science "designed for agricultural audiences 

 under County Council schemes." This designation seems 

 somewhat vague, and it will be very interesting to see the 

 character of the audience attracted by this title. Four 

 lectures are offered : the first is entitled, " The application 

 of Science to the art of Agriculture." This description is 

 sufficiently wide, but does not indicate whether the lecture 

 is intended as a sample of those which State-aided Board 



