NATURE 



361 



THURSDAY, AUGUST 20, 1891. 



THE CONGRESS OF HYGIENE. 



TH E proceedings of this Congress were brought to a 

 close on Monday, it being generally conceded that 

 the importance of the conclusions arrived at and of the 

 discussions on the more important topics were on a 

 level with the numbers and eminence of the men of 

 science taking part in the deliberations. 



So far as space permits, we shall endeavour to give an 

 account of some of the most salient subjects touched in 

 the different Sections. To get a general idea of the 

 enormous area of the ground covered, it is only necessary 

 to glance at the resolutions adopted. It will be generally 

 conceded that the members of the Congress are by these 

 resolutions supplied with much food for thought in the 

 interim which will elapse till the next meeting, which 

 has been fixed at Budapest and for 1894. 



We note with the greatest pleasure that Her Majesty 

 and the University of Cambridge have shown their 

 appreciation of the honour done to the nation by (the 

 presence of so many foreigners ; and that other bodies 

 and individuals have not been lacking to render possible 

 gatherings of a less severely scientific character than 

 the Sectional meetings. 



Her Majesty's action in inviting many of the most 

 eminent representatives of different nationalities to Os- 

 borne — an action, we believe, suggested by the Prince of 

 Wales — has been so well received, that one regrets that 

 the nation has had to wait so long for such a precedent. 

 We regret it, not so much for the sake of men of science, 

 but because the result has been that Royalty here has 

 always lived apart not only from science but from national 

 culture generally. The Queen, indeed, on the present 

 system, never need know anything, except by some happy 

 accident, of Britain's greatest men. 



The party which went to Osborne left early by a special 

 train, and were taken over from Portsmouth in the Queen's 

 yacht. They were accompanied by Sir D. Galton, Dr. 

 Poore, Prof. Corfield, and Mr. S. Digby. Luncheon was 

 provided at 2, and Her Majesty later on received the 

 visitors, of whom the following is an official list : — 



Austria- Hungary . — Dr. Emil Kusy, Ministerialrath, Sanitats 

 referent, delegated by Minister of the Interior ; Hofrath Franz 

 Kitter von Gruber, Professor of Architecture, elegated by 

 Imperial Council of Health ; Dr. Ernst Hofrath Ludwig, Pro- 

 fessor of Applied Chemistry at Pathological Institute, delegated 

 by Minister of Finance ; Dr. J. Fodor, Professor of Hygiene, 

 University of Budapest, delegated by Minister of Public 

 Worship and Education. 



Belgium. — M. E. Ikco, Secretary-General of the Department 

 of Agriculture, Industry, and Public Works, delegated by 

 Minister of Agriculture and Public Works ; D. E. Janssens, 

 Inspecteur en chef de 1' Hygiene a Bruxelles, Membre de la 

 Commission Centrale de Statistique de Belgique, de TAcademie 

 Royale de Medecine et du Conseil Superieur d'Hygiene. 



Denmark. — Dr. J. Lehmann, Dean of the Royal Sanitary 

 Council, delegated by the Danish Government ; Hans V. Berg, 

 Medical Director of the Navy, delegated by Danish Naval 

 Department ; Sur.-Col. Laub, delegated by the Danish Army 

 Department. 



Egypt. — Dr. Hassan Pasha Ibrahim, Inspector Sanitary 

 Department, and Professor of Hygiene. 



France. — Dr. Etienne Jules Bergeron, Secretaire perpetuel de 

 TAcademie de Melecine, Vice-President du Comite Consultatif 



NO. I 138, VOL. 44] 



d'Hygiene Publique, delegated by Ministry of Public Instruction 

 M. le Dr. Brouardel, Doyen de la Faculte de Medecine 

 de Paris, President du Comite Consultatif d'Hygiene Pub- 

 lique, delegated by French Government ; M. le Dr. Auguste 

 Chauveau, Membre de I'lnstitut, delegated by the Ministry of 

 the Interior, of Public Instruction, and of Agriculture ; M, 

 le Dr. Beranger Feraud, President du Conseil Superieur de la 

 Marine, delegated by the French Government ; Dr. Levraud, 

 President du Conseil Municipal de la Ville de Paris, delegate of 

 City of Paris ; M. Roux, Pasteur Institute, Paris. 



Germany. — Dr. Buchner, Professor at Munich University, 

 delegated by the Bavarian Government ; Dr. von Coler, dele- 

 gated by the Army Medical Department, Prussian Army ; Prof. 

 Sell, Geheimrath, delegated by the German Empire ; Dr. 

 Pistor, Geheim Medicinalrath, delegated by the Prussian Govern- 

 I ment ; Prof. Dr. W. Roth, President of German Committee of 

 j the International Congress, Generalarzt des XII. K. S. Armee 

 j Corps, delegated by War Ministry of Saxony ; Prof, von Koch, 

 I delegate of Government of Wiirtemberg. 



j Italy. — Dr. Angelo Mosso, Professor at Royal University, 

 ! Turin, delegated by Italian Government ; Dr. A. Corradi, 

 ! Professor at Royal University, Pavia, delegated by Italian 

 ; Government. 



Japan. — Dr. Shimpei Gotoh, Official Expert in Ministry of 

 Interior, Tokio, delegated by the Government of Japan. 



The Netherlands. — Dr. G. van Overbeek de Meyer, Professor 

 of State University, Utrecht, delegate of Government ; Dr. W. 

 P. Ruysch, Conseillier pour le Service Sanitaire, Department de 

 rinterieur, delegated by Government of the Netherlands. 



Roumania. — Dr. J. Felix, Professeur Universite de Bucarest, 

 Membre du Conseil Sanitaire Superieure de Roumanie, Membre 

 en chef de la Ville de Bucarest, delegated by Government of 

 Roumania and City of Bucharest. 



Russia. — Prof. Constantin Kowalkowski, Professeur d'Hy- 

 giene a 1' Universite Imperialede Varsovie, delegated by Imperial 

 University, War>aw. 



Spain. — Don Juan Vilanova y Piera, President of Health 

 Section of Royal Academy of Medicine, delegated by Spanish 

 Government. 



Szvcden and Nonvay. — Dr. Linroth, Chief Medical Officer, 

 Stockholm, delegated by Swedish Government and by City of 

 Stockholm ; Dr. Gotfried E. Bentzen, Director of the Civil 

 Medical Service, Christiana, delegated by Government of Sweden 

 and Norway, 



Servia. — Dr. Geor^evitch, delegated by Servian Government. 



Switzerland. — Dr. Guillaume, Director of the Federal Bureau 

 of Statistics, delegate of the Swiss Government ; Col. Dr. 

 Goldlin de Tiefenau, Instructeur en chef des Troupes Sani- 

 taires Suisses, delegate of the Swiss Government. 



United States of iVorth America. — Major Alfred Woodhull, 

 Medical Department, United States Army, delegated by United 

 States Government Army Department; Lieut.-Col. PhiHp S. 

 Wales, Medical Director United States Navy, delegated by 

 United States Government Naval Department ; Dr. Salmon, 

 Chief of Bureau of Animal Industry in the United States 

 Department of Agriculture, delegated by Department of 

 Agriculture. 



India. — Dr. Simpson, Sanitary Officer of Calcutta ; Mancher- 

 jee Bhownaggree, C.I.S., member of the Bhavnagar Judicial 

 Council, delegate of Maharajah of Bhavnagar ; Dr. Prasanna 

 Kimar Ray, Professor at Presidency College, delegated by 

 Chancellor and Syndicate of Calcutta University. 



Ceylon. — Dr. Solomon Fernando, delegate of Government of 

 Ceylon, and of Medical College. 



Canada. — Dr. Covernton, delegated by Ontario, Canada. 



Ne2u South Wales. — Dr. J. Ashburton Thompson, delegated 

 by Government of New South Wales. 



Victoria. — Dr. Aubrey Bowen, delegated by Government of 

 Victoria. 



The visit to Cambridge took place on Saturday. The 

 University authorities did all in their power to make it 

 an agreeable one. Not only did hospitality abound, but 

 even in the Long Vacation degrees were conferred (this, 

 unfortunately, is impossible at Oxford) on Drs. Brouardel, 

 Corradi, and Fodor. 



The speeches made by the Public Orator were as 

 follows : — 



