NA TV RE 



[May 12, 1892 



Balance" (Proc. Phys. Soc, 1880); "On the Characteristic 

 Curves and Surfaces of Incandescent Lamps" ; "On Molecular 

 Shadqws in Incandescent Lamps" ; " On the Use of Danie'.l's 

 Cell as a Standard of Electromotive Force"; and "Problems 

 in the Distribution of Electric Currents in Networks of 

 Conductors" (Proc. Phys. Soc, 1885) ; "On the Necessity for 

 a National Standardising Laboratory for Electrical Instru- 

 ments " (Proc. Inst. Elect. Engs., 1885); "A Design for a 

 Standard of Electrical Resistance " (Proc. Phys. Soc, 1889); 

 " On Electric Discharge between Electrodes at different 

 Temperatures in Air and in High Vacua" (Proc. Roy. Soc, 

 1889); "On Some Effects of Alternating Current Flow in 

 Circuits having Capacity and Self-induction " (Proc. Inst. Elect. 

 Engs., 1891). Delivered Friday Evening Discourses at the 

 Royal Institution in 1890-91. , Author of "Short Lectures to 

 Electrical Artisans," four editions; and of " The Alternate Current 

 Transformer in Theory and Practice." 



Clement Le Neve Foster, D.Sc. (Lond.), 



F.G.S., Professor of Mining in the Royal College of Science, 

 and H.M. Inspector of Mines. A.R.S.M. He is distinguished 

 for his knowledge of mining in its various scientific aspects ; 

 and is the author of numerous papers bearing on Geology, 

 Mineralogy, and Mine-engineering. He has carried on explora- 

 tions and mining works in Italy, Egypt, and Venezuela, and 

 was for some years a Member of the Geological Survey of 

 England and Wales, in connection with which he made 

 important discoveries bearing oa the question of the denudation 

 of the Weald. His papers are published in the Journals of the 

 Geological and Statistical Societies, and other journals. 



Hans Gadow, Ph.D. (Jena), 

 Hon. M. A. Cantab. Strickland Curator and Lecturer on the 

 Advanced Morphology of Vertebrata in the University of 

 Cambridge. A naturalized British subject, engaged in research 

 in Animal Morphology. Author of "Versuch einer vergleichenden 

 Anatomic des Verdauungssystemes der Vogel " (Inaugural 

 Dissertation, Jciiaische Zcitschr., xiii., 1879) ; " Zur 

 vergleichenden Anatomic der Musculatur der Beckens und der 

 hinteren Gliedmasse der Ratilre " (4to, Jena, 1880, 5 plates); 

 " Untersuchungen iiber die Bauchmuskeln der Krokodile, 

 Eidechsen und Schildkroten " {jMorphol. Ja/u-b., \v,, p. 57); 

 " Beitriige zur Myologie der hinteren Extremiiiit der Reptilien " 

 {ibid., p. 329); "Observations on Comparative Myology" 

 (Jourii. of Anat., 1882, p. 493) ; "Catalogue of Birds in the 

 British Museum " (vol-, viii. and ix.) ; "On the Colours of 

 Feathers as affected by their Structure" (Zool. Soc. Proc, 1882, 

 p. 409) ; " On the Reproduction of the Carapace in Tortoises" 

 {Jotini. of Anat., 1886, p. 220); "On the Cloaca and 

 Copulatory Organs of Amniota" (Phil. Trans., 1887); "On 

 the Modifications of the First and Second Visceral Arches, with 

 Especial Reference to the Homologies of the Auditory Ossicles " 

 (Phil. Trans., 1888) ; Volume " Aves"in Bronn's " Klassen und 

 Ordnungen des Theirreichs " (in publication). Conjointly 

 with Dr. Gaskell : — " On the Anatomy of the Cardiac Nerves 

 in certain Cold-blooded Vertebrates" {Journ. of Physiol., v.) ; 

 "Suctorial Apparatus of the Tenuirostres (1883); "On the 

 Anatomical DiflTerences in the Three Kinds of Rhea" (1885) ; 

 "On some Points in the Anatomy of Pteroclcs arc'narins, with 

 remarks on its Systematic Position (1882). "Introduction to 

 the Osteology of the Mammalia," by W. H.' Flower, F.R.S., 

 third edition revised with the assistance of Hans Gadow (1885). 



R0I5ERT GiFFEN, LL.D. (Glasc), 

 Assistant Secretary (Commercial Department) Board of Trade. 

 Author of " Stock Exchange Securities : an Essay on General 

 Causes of Fluctu<»tion of their Price" (1878) ; "Essays in 

 Finance," 1st series (1879), 2nd series (1885) ; "The Growth 

 of Capital" (1889) ; also of numerous papers communicated to 

 the British Association, Statistical Society, Bankers' Institute, 

 &c. As head of the Statistical Department of the Board of 

 Trade (since incorporated with the Commercial Department) 

 has been examined by Royal Commissions and Parliamentary or 

 Treasury Committees on the following subjects (among others) : 

 Depreciation of Silver (1876) ; Hall Marking ; Wine Duties ; 

 Agricultural Depression ; Trade Depression ; Stock Exchange ; 

 Gold and Silver ; Channel Tunnel ; Emigration and Immigra- 

 tion ; Corn Averages, &c. Has given great attention to the 

 theory and practice of the use of Index Numbers in the study of 



NO. 1176, VOL. 46] 



Prices and their history, and first invented and used the plan of 

 an Index Number of a purely objective and not an arbitrary 

 character, especially one based on the actual proportion of the 

 different articles of Import and Export to the total. Has 

 explained with regard to numerous branches of statistics, such 

 as imports and exports, the condition and nature of the data, 

 and the way in which they can he used in public discussions. 

 Has also explained in numerous papers the way in which 

 common statistics can be used in stating and solving problems 

 for the politician, e.g. statistics of the growth of population, of 

 the growth of incomes and capital. Has also given attention to 

 the problems relating to the incidence of taxation, upon which 

 several papers are included in the " Essays in Finance." Author 

 of numerous official reports, including reports on wages, prices 

 of imports and exports, emigration, &c. 



Francis Gotch, M.R.C.S., 

 B.A., B.Sc. (Lond.), Hon. M.A. (Oxon.). Has made researches 

 of value into the physiology of the nervous system, and is the 

 author of the following papers: — "On the Electromotive 

 Properties of the Electrical Organ of Torpedo " (Phil. Trans., 

 1887. B., p. 487, and 1888, B., p. 329) ; "On the Electrical 

 Or^an of the Skate," with Dr. Burdon Sanderson, F.R.S. 

 {Jonrn. of Phyiiol., vol. ix., p. 137, and vol. x., p. 259); " On 

 the Electromotive Changes in the Mammalian Spinal Cord 

 following Electrical Excitation of the Cortex Cerebri," with 

 Prof. Horsley, F.R.S. (Roy. Soc. Proc, vol. xlv., p. 18); as 

 well as of other shorter papers on similar subjects. 



William Abbott Herd.man, D.Sc, 

 F.R. S. F,., F.L. S. Professor of Natural History in University 

 College, Liverpool. Distinguished as a Zoologist, and especially 

 for researches into the structure and relations of the Tunicata. 

 Author of the following, amongst other papers : — "Report on 

 the Tunicata of the 'halleiiger Expedition," Parts I., II. , 

 and III. {Challenger ept., Zool., vol. vi., 1892; vol. xiv., 

 1886; vol. xxvii., i88 ); "On the Invertebrate Faunaof Lam- 

 lash Bay" (Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin. Proc, vol. v., 1879, and vol. vi., 

 1880) ; " On the Olfactory Tubercle. &c., in Simple Ascidians" 

 {ibid., 1881) ; "On Individual Variations in the Branchial Sac 

 of Ascidians" (Linn. Soc. Journ., vol. xv., 1881) ; "The 

 Hypophy.'-is Cerebri in Tunicata ancl Vertebrata " (Roy. Soc. 

 Edin. Proc, 1883): " Keport on the Tunicata of the Tiiton 

 Expedition" (Roy. Soc. Edin. Trans., vol. xxxii., 1883); " Re- 

 port on the Tunicata of the Lightning and Porcupine Expe- 

 ditions " {ibid., 1884) ; "On the Phyl'geny of the Tunicata" 

 (Roy. Soc. Edin. Proc, 1885-86);) " On the Structure of 

 Sarcodictyon " (Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin. Proc, 1884) ; " On the 

 Structure and Functions of the Cerat.i or Dorsal Papillae in some 

 Nudibranchiate Mollusca " {Quart, yoiirn. Micros. Sci., 1890); 

 and of important Reports on the Fauna of Liverpool Bay, 

 1886-90. 



Frederick Wollaston Hutton, Captain, R.E., 

 Professor of Geology in Canterbury College F.G.S., C.M.Z.S., 

 Cor. du Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Paris, Cor. Mem. Roy. Soc. Tas., 

 Hon. Mem. Roy. Soc N.S.W.. Cor. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 

 Cor. Ornith. Ver. Wien., Cor, K. K. Geol. Reichsanst. Wien. 

 Author of numerous reports, papers, &c., published by the New 

 Zealand Government, the Geological and Zoological Societies, 

 the New Zealand Institute, &c., and in the Phil. Mag. Amongst 

 them are : — " Fishes of New Zealand," 1872; " Ge dogy of the 

 Thames Gold Field (Government Report, 1868-69) ; " Sketch 

 of the Geology of New Zealand " (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc); 

 " Birds inhabiting the Southern Ocean" {Ibis, 1865); "On 

 Peri pat us N. Zealandice" ; "On the Structure of Amphibola 

 avellana"; " Origin of the Fauna and Flora of New Zealand " 

 {Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.) ; "Eruptive Rocks of New Zea- 

 land," Oscillations of the Earth's Surface (Aust. Assoc. Advt. 

 Sci., 1889); "On Dimensions of Dinornis Bones" (Trans. N. 

 Z. Irrst. ) ; "New Zealand Land Shells"; "Revision of the 

 Land Mollusca of New Zealand " {ibid., vol. xvi.). Author of 

 a Class-book of Geology, and of Zoological Exercises for 

 Students in New Zealand. Author of eleven papers in Proc. 

 Linn. Soc. N. S.W. Has done much valuable work in other 

 ways for the advancement of science in New Zealand, 



John Joly, M.A., 

 Assistant to the Professor of Civil Engineering in the University 

 of Dublin. Has discovered {a) iiy direct measurement a 



