DECIDUOUS HEDGES. 17 



the apple, I have on my ground specimens that 

 are one hundred and ten years old. These were 

 planted when the Iroquois were still in posses- 

 sion of central New York. Pear trees are known in 

 Michigan, planted by the French, as long ago as the 

 founding of Detroit. I do not know of any haw- 

 thorn bushes in this country that are very old, but 

 in England the record is fully two hundred years. 

 Growing wild, the hawthorn is almost always found 

 as a dense bush, somewhat like wild apples. This 

 is owing to the fact that cattle have browsed the 

 young trees and made them dwarf bushes. These are 

 the favorite resorts of the sly catbird. On our lawns, 

 when well cultivated, the hawthorn grows to about 

 twenty feet high, and is covered with delightful 

 flowers. It takes cions of pear and apple as it is 

 a member of the rose family. All the tall grow- 

 ing varieties are much alike in shape and vigor 

 and growth. In our nurseries are to be found sev- 

 eral beautiful sports aiid crosses. Among these are 

 Paul's double scarlet, the tansy-leaved, the black- 

 fruited, the glossy-leaved, Gumpper's and the double 

 white. Many of these I have found growing wild 

 in our forest edges and glens, probably the result of 

 seed sown by the birds. All of these varieties are 

 equally useful for hedges. 



The cockspur thorn is more commonly used in 

 this country than the hawthorn, or any other thorn, 

 except the black or buckthorn. It has a single sharp 

 spur under the leaf, like the spur of a cock. In the 

 West I have seen these growing wild in most pic- 

 turesque and delightful forms. It only needed man's 

 hand to arrange and control their growth, in order 



