58 HEDGES., WINDBREAKS, SHELTERS, ETC. 



leaves may be beneath the snow, they have lost none 

 of their rich summer brightness. Below the line of 

 New York, Magnolia glauca serves a similar pur- 

 pose, while farther south it becomes so entirely hardy 

 that it may be used for windbreaks with remarkable 

 effect. The leaves are large and glaucous, occa- 

 sionally acting as deciduous. The flowers are 

 exceedingly sweet as well as beautiful. Other mag- 

 nolias are very valuable for hedges, especially con- 

 spicua and Soulangeana. Indeed, ajl of the Chinese 

 varieties may be made useful for hedge work. Few 

 of them are evergreen, but I name them here as asso- 

 ciated with the glauca. The holly is a favorite in 

 Europe as well as in our Southern states. It will 

 thrive perfectly as far north as New Jersey and New 

 York city. Its historical and poetical associations 

 place it quite as high as its real beauty. It bears 

 winter clipping as well as the mahonia. For this 

 reason it has had its grotesque and fantastic shear- 

 ing. Fortunately no one any longer cares for mon- 

 strosities in landscape, and we shall probably never 

 again have a reign of vegetable griffins, roosters and 

 dogs. There are holly hedges in existence known 

 to be over two hundred years old. This is one of 

 the hedge plants that thrives best in sandy soil. It 

 grows very slowly, but will at the last, if untrimmed, 

 reach a hight of twenty-five feet. 



SECTION II- TREATMENT. 



(a) The time for planting evergreens is iden- 

 tical with the time for planting deciduous trees. 

 The old notion that it was advisable to plant them 



