1 1 6 Concluding Observations. 



and that they help to manliness of mind as well as 

 vigour of body. The tobacco-pipe and cigar soothe- 

 and beguile many a weary hour. Sculpture and 

 painting hold their places in civilized countries. 



Napoleon considered encouragement of music of 

 great public importance. One day, at St. Helena, 

 the conversation turned upon the Fine Arts, and one 

 of the company made but little account of music. 

 " You are wrong," said the Emperor ; " it is of all 

 the liberal arts the one which has most influence on 

 the passions, and that which the legislator is bound 

 to most encourage. A well- composed piece of music 

 touches and melts the soul, and produces more effect 

 than a treatise of morality, which convinces the 

 reason, leaves us cold and unmoved, and makes no 

 alteration in the slightest of our habits." The old 

 Greek game of cock-fighting was too common in Eng- 

 land from the time of the second Henry till recent 

 days. About the beginning of the eighteenth cen- 

 tury, one Machrie, a fencing-master, was regarded 

 as a benefactor to Scotland for having started there 

 "a new and cheap amusement. In An Essay on the 

 Innocent and Royal Recreation and Art of Cocking, he 

 expresses his hope that " in cock- war village may be 

 engaged against village, city against city, kingdom 

 against kingdom nay, the father against the son, 

 until all tha wars of Europe, wherein so much inno- 

 cent Christian blood has been spilt, be turned into 

 the innocent pastime of cocking." What was called 

 the Welsh main was the most sanguinary form of the 



