14 HINTS ON DAIRYING. 



both the milk and the product manufactured from it. The 

 cows must not be worried, nor over- worked in rambling 

 over poor pastures to get sufficient food. 



WATER. 



Plenty of clean water must be conveniently at hand 

 for the cows to drink. The water must be sweet and 

 clean enough for the human stomach. Abundance of 

 such water is more essential in the pasture for the cows 

 to drink while secreting milk that contains 87 per cent, 

 of water than it is in the daily-house, where a small 

 amount of water will answer, if ice is used, and hence can 

 more easily be obtained pure. 



WINTER FOOD. 



In winter, the food must be in proper condition, pro- 

 perly balanced between the nitrogenous and carbonaceous 

 materials, and in full supply all the cow can digest and 

 assimilate. At least one ration a day should include 

 sweet ensilage, roots, or other succulent food, to aid in 

 the separation of the butter from the cream by action of 

 the churn, it having been shown that all dry feed not 

 only reduces the flow of milk, but makes churning slow 

 and difficult, leaving a large percentage of fat in the 

 buttermilk. 



THE STABLE. 



While in stable, the cow must also have plenty of pure 

 air and sweet water, and not be chilled in obtaining 

 either. Without pure air, the cow becomes debilitated 

 and diseased, and the milk impure and unwholesome. 



