34 HINTS ON DAIRYING. 



inherit the traits of ancestors on one side or the other, 

 and hence will lack in uniformity, both in appearance 

 and in quality. When we use a grade bull, the result is 

 just the opposite of what it is when we use a pure blood. 

 With the latter, we get half-bloods, then quarter, then 

 eighths, sixteenths, thirty-seconds, and so on, toward pure 

 blood; but with a half-blood grade bull, the first off- 

 spring from common stock has only one-fourth pure 

 blood, the next cross has only one-eighth, the third one- 

 sixteenth pure blood, and so on reducing the purity in 

 the same ratio as the use of pure blood improves itif 

 we continue to breed from the grade male offspring. If 

 we always use a half-blood male, there may be a slight 

 improvement in the blood. But the improvement is too 

 slow and the benefit too uncertain to make the use of a 

 grade bull advisable when a pure blood can be had. 



