FEEDING STOCK. 41 



required in the food for the sustenance of the animal. 

 Of these primal elements some twelve or fifteen in 

 number it is found that, practically, when foods com- 

 bined contain two of them in proper proportion, the iest 

 are generally present in sufficient quantity. These two 

 are CARBON and NITROGEN, and the foods containing them 

 in relatively large proportion are respectively called <<//- 

 botificcouK and nitrogenous. All foods contain these ele- 

 ments in greater or less proportion. The proper propor- 

 tion for feeding is found to be about one of nitrogen to 

 fice or */> of carbon. If the temperature of the weather 

 is low, the proportion of carbon may be raised to eight, 

 and even ten, where little exercise is had as, for in- 

 stance, milch cows standing in a cold stable. But, in hot 

 weather, when cows are giving milk, the carbon may be 

 reduced to four and even three that is, so that there 

 shall be one part of nitrogen to three or four parts of car- 

 bon. The carbon is heat and fat producing, and some 

 class it as motor producing, but we think this is a mis- 

 take, save so far as heat is essential to motion. We think 

 nitrogen is motor producing as well as muscle producing 

 or, in other words, that the element which produces the 

 organs of motion also fills them with energy, for the ex- 

 ercise of which heat is essential. We cannot have mo- 

 tion, or even life, much below the normal temperature of 

 about 98 degrees Fahrenheit. At all events, it is found 

 necessary to feed nitrogenous food to all animals that are 

 working hard, to supply the waste of muscle and we 

 think also to replace the expended energy. Dr. J. M51- 

 ner Fothergill, in his work on the "Maintenance of 



