(JALLESIO'S TKEAT1SK ON THE UlTHUS FAMILY. 



Granger: Granger cornu, <r Disarm. (Oliver d<- Serr.) ! 



Medici. (Merut) 



Anrea mains : Mala arantia. (Bauhin.) 



Citrus Narendi. (ForskaU 



Citrus aurantium : Arancio forte. iTar-.i 



Citrus aurantium : Citrus pctiolis alati*. (.Lin.) 



The bigarade presents a ramification of very j 

 many true varieties and few sub-varieties. It , 

 would seem that this species, more constant in j 

 the reproduction, changes from it only to diver- j 

 sify it in a very marked manner. It will, there- 

 fore, be easier to give a description of its deriva- j 

 tives, even to the hybrids. 



The type is known under the name of bigarade, 

 auranlium- xulyare medulla acn. Its varieties are 

 six in number. 



First. The type. 



Second. The bigarade of double flower. 



Third. The bigarade with willow leaf. 



Fourth. The Rich spoil. 



Fifth. The little Chinese. 



Sixth. The Chinese with myrtle leaf. 



The hybrids number seven. 



The two first are the result of the mixture of 

 the bigarade with the orange ; the third and j 

 fourth are the product of the citron impregnated j 

 by the bigarade ; the fifth and sixth result from 

 the orange modified by the lemon ; the seventh 

 is a singular variety, in which is found united the 

 three species, citron, orange, and bigarade. We 

 begin by describing the type of the species. 



VARIETIES NO. XVII. 



Citrus aurantium Indicum. vulsraro fructu aeido. 



Bigaradier: Bigarade. 



Arancio forte: Araneia forte. 



Anrantium. vnlgare medulla acri . ( Kcv. i 



Aurantium vulgare fractu acido. 



Aranzo silvestre. (Vole.) 



Gemeene of Zuure oranje appel. i Cow j 



Malus aurautia major. (Baun.) 



Aurantia mala. (Cam.) 



Granger sauvage or sauvagcon, (Tonrnef.) 



Citrus narendi malech (bitter orange.) (For. 



Anrea malus fructu acido. (plus.) 



Arancio salvatico : Arancio da premerc. 



Citrus aurantium petiolis alatis. (Lin. ) 



The bigaradier is a species which grows to a 

 tree of round and pretty form. The leaf, thia 

 and lanceolated, has the petiole furnished with 

 two wings, which are more pronounced than in 

 the sweet orange. But nothing so much distin- 

 guishes it from that as its flower, which is, in the 

 bigarade. more sweet and more abundant in per- 

 fume. In fact, it is only for its flower that the 

 tree is cultivated in Paris, in the cold provinces, 

 and in a part of the southern districts, where 

 they distil from the flowers a sweet and delicious 

 perfume. At Grasse, at St Remo, and at Nice, 

 they cultivate it solely for this. 



It is cultivated for its fruit in Tuscany and in 

 Romania, where it is used like lemons for sea- 

 soning vegetables and fish. This is the only 

 use to be made of this fruit, as its skin encloses 

 in its vesicles a caustic aroma of insupportable 

 bitterness; and its juice is both bitter and acid. 



The gardeners in Paris speak of a number of 

 sub-varieties of the bigarade, which are but little 

 noticed in the south. But these gardeners agree 

 so little in the names that they give to the trees, 

 as well as in their characteristics, or the acci- 

 dents which mark them, that it is difficult to de- 

 cide upon their nature. They have generally in 

 view, in their classification, the more or less great 

 abundance of flowers borne by these varieties, and 



1 have observed that this dillereuce in tha flow- 

 ering is more apparent than real, depending upon 

 the relative nearness of the flower-buds. The 

 blossoming thus seeming to be more or less 

 abundant, according to the intervals between the 

 buds. 



The names given are not always suited to the 

 nature of the tree ; for instance, they call one the 

 bigarade with grey flower, of which the flower 

 opening very quickly does not show the anthers 

 as yellow as in the ordinary bigarade. They give 

 the name crowned bigarade to another whose fruit \ 

 has often a small nipple at its point. They call 

 one Adam's apple, of which the leaf is a little 

 less lanceolated, and the buds very close together 

 and no thorn. Finally, they name one horned 

 bigarade, a common bigarade which sometimes 

 bears monsters having the shape of a horn. All 

 these varieties differ so little as to be scarcely 

 worth the trouble of describing. 



The bigarade is usually the tree upon which 

 is grafted the other species of agrumi. Some- 

 times it is grafted upon itself, in order to produce 

 a smaller tree suitable for vases. 



In Liguria it is called margaritino'or orange of 

 St. Marguerite. 



VA1UETIES NO. XVIII. 



Citrus nurantium Indicum flore semi-pleno, fructu stepe, 

 fcetifero, medulla acida. 



Bigaradier a flenv double et semi-double, a fruit souvent 

 monstrous. 



Arancio forto a fior doppio e eemi-doppio. e a frutto 

 spesso fetiforo. 



Aurantium flore dupllce. (Perr., p. 387.) 



Aurantium flore pleno. 



Aranzo con fior doppio. (Vole., p. 301.) 



Aranzo di fior e scorza doppio. (.Vole.) 



Granger a fleur double. (Millar.) 



This variety has improperly been called double 

 flowered. It is very seldom that these flowers 

 are full of petals ; usually they are but semi-double, 

 and yield very often monstrous fruit, enclosing 

 within themselves a second fruit. We have al- 

 ready observed that this phenomenon is very fre- 

 quent in these monstrous varieties. 



VARIETIES NO. XIX. 



Citrus aurantium Indicum salicifolium. 

 Granger a feuille de saule, or Tqpquoise. Arancio a fog- 

 lia di salice, or Arancio Turco. 

 Aurantium angusto salicis folio dictum. (Boer.) 



The Turkish orange is but a bigarade, whose 

 leaves, lanceolated and pointed, are very straight 

 and long like those of the willow. Otherwise it 

 has all the traits of the bigarade, both in flower 

 and fruit ; the latter is sharp and bitter, and has 

 ilio form and color of the bigarade. 



This tree is not cultivated in Ligaria, except 

 by collectors of varieties, and by the seedsmen of 

 Nervi, who multiply it by graft for their trade in 

 plants. A specimen of these trees may be seen 

 in the Garden of Plants at Paris. 



VARIETIESNO. XX. 



Citrus aurantium Indicum crispofolimn raultiflorum 

 fructu parvo, amaro et acido. 

 Bouquetier or Riche depouille. 

 Arancio a mazzetto. 

 Aurantium crispo-folio. (Per., p. 387.) 

 Aurantium crispo-folio. (Touraef.) 

 Aranzo a foglia rizza. (Vole.) 

 Granger a feuilles frisees. (Millar.) 

 Citrua aurantium multiflorum. 

 Granger riche depouille. (Desfont.j 



The orange with curled leaf grows as a shrub ; 

 its boughs are short, straight, and bushy; its 



