GALLE*IO'S TREATISE OX THE CITRUS FAMILY. 



founded the Adam's apple with the pompplmoeu 

 or pampelmous, and have joined the two under j 

 the name of Citrus decuman tun. 



Sloane, in his work on Jamaica, gives us a rig- , 

 ure and description which is entirely suited to 

 the genuine Adam's apple, afterwards adding 

 that there exists a variety having the color and 

 flesh of the orange. He characterizes in like 

 manner and connects the two species in his Latin 

 Synonyms. I have preserved in this article only ! 

 what belongs to the Adam's apple, leaving for ] 

 the article upon the Pampelmous, that which is > 

 peculiar to it. Rumphius, like Sloane, confounds j 

 them in his herbarium, amboincnsc, and these ; 

 writers have been imitated by Linnanis and the ; 

 botanists who have followed him. 



Adam's apple is one of the hybrids earliest 

 known. We find a description of it in the His- ! 

 tory of Jerusalem, by Jaques deVitry, and in the < 

 greater part of the works by Arabian authors, 

 who knew it under the names of laysamou or 

 ~< unban. 



Marco Polo found it in Persia in 1270. It was 

 known as Adamo by the ancient Italian writers 

 upon agriculture, such as Gallo and others, and 

 by the Spaniard, Herrera, under the names of 

 toronjo or samboas. Mathioli calls it lomm ; Fer- 

 raris calls it lamia valentina, a name also given 

 it by Volcamerius. 



This fruit is known in Liguria under the dif- 

 i'erent names ofpo/nod'Adanw, oi pompoleon, and 

 of dccumano. At Versailles it is called pvmpoleon ; 

 also by the gardeners of Paris. 



Adam's apple is reported under the name of 

 Citrus aurantinm maximum, in the Table of the 

 Botanical School, belonging to the Museum of 

 Natural History at Paris, where are cultivated 

 several fine and vigorous trees. 



It appears to be a lumie, or a hybrid of orange 

 and citron. (I have placed this among the luniies, 

 because it shows traits of them ; but I own that 

 I have never tested it by the seed-bed, as I have 

 done with all other races which give seed. I pro- 

 pose to try it at once, and shall not be surprised 

 if the result shows, in this plant, a fifth species 

 of agrume. I have already many reasons for 

 supposing so.) The tree resembles the Chinese 

 citron. Its branches short, often flattened, bear 

 large leaves, which are sometimes lanceolated, 

 sometimes notched at their edges (crenated), some- 

 times quilled. They are of a very deep green, 

 and have two very prominent wings to the pe- 

 tiole. The flower, arranged in large clusters, is 

 very large and fleshy, like'that of the citron, and 

 entirely white like that of the orange, having 

 thirty or forty stamens. The fruit is round, and 

 four times larger than the common orange. Its 

 rind, smooth as an orange, is green at the com- 

 mencement, and lit maturity is a pale yellow. It 

 is thin, and marked in places by slight clefts, as 

 if it had been bitten. To this peculiarity it owes 

 its name of Adam's apple. Under this skin, which 

 is insupportably bitter, one finds a second, like 

 the citrons, thick, white, leathery, and bitter. This 

 encloses a pulp divided into eleven very small 

 sections, which contain an insipid, slightly acid- 

 ulated juice. The seeds arc covered by a reddish 

 pellicle, and are formed by two whitish cotyle- 

 dons. 



This variety is cultivated in Liguria only lv 

 amateurs and seedsmen, and is multiplied i>y 



grafting upon the bigarade. At Salo it is grown 

 from seed, but is used only as a subject upon 

 which to graft the orange. 



There are many plants of it at Versailles, at 

 the Jardin des Plantes, aud in the gardens of 

 Paris. 



The fruit is good for nothing, and is sought for 

 its beauty only, as it is neither edible when raw, 

 nor agreeable'for confits. 



HYBRIDS NO. XXVII. 



Citrus aurantium Indicum folio petiolo alalo, &uppe in 

 -umma teneritate violaceo ; flore hinc albo, iiide extcriu - 

 rubente, fractal violaceo, medulla acida. 



Bigaradier a fruit violet. 



Arancio forte a frutto violetto, 



Citrus aurantiura violaceum : Granger violet. (Desf out , , 

 Tab. de 1'Ec. dc J3ot., p. 138. 



The violet-fruited Bigarade is a singular va- 

 riety, and very little propagated. It is not 

 spoken of by Ferraris or Volcamerius, neither is 

 it in the works of botanists who immediately fol- 

 lowed or preceded them. We find it described 

 only by a few modern writers. 



1 have seen the fruit only in a painting owned 

 by M. Michel, (editor of the "Treatise upon 

 Trees,") who obtained it from the heirs of the 

 celebrated Duhamel ; and the plant in the or- 

 angery of the Museum of Natural History, 

 Paris. 



This, which is a flue plant, has the appearance 

 of the ordinary bigarade, haying the same leaf. 

 One would not notice anything remarkable, un- 

 less that the top is a little more bushy. 



I should have classed it among the varieties of 

 the bigarade, had not the spring growth revealed 

 to me a phenomenon, which convinced me that it 

 was but a hybrid. 



Its shoots are of two kinds ; the one are whitish 

 as those of the orange, the others are of a very 

 deep violet color, as those of the lemon. This 

 violet color characterizes also a part of its (low- 

 ers, which grow upon the same branches with 

 those entirely white. Its fruit is likewise shaded 

 with violet in the same way in which the red 

 orange is shaded with bloo"d color. I do not 

 know the nature of its pulp. I am told that it ia 

 yellow and sharp, as in the bigarade. 



It is easy to conceive that this variety owes its 

 origin to the influence of the pollen of the lemon 

 tree upon the seed from which it has come. 



It is one of the most singular results of impreg- 

 nation. 



It is desirable that this hybrid be multiplied, 

 on account of the beauty of both fruit and 

 llower. 



CilniN ;im,.jnimn Indicum frudii stellate. 



Bigaradie* > fruit Huilr. 



Arancio inrlarosa. 



Aiirantimu stclliitinn <( ro-rmn. (Frr.. \>. :','.<'.. > 



Aranzi stellati. <V<ilr.. part . ;.'. p. iso. i 



Citron meUoroaa. iCalvd, u. I-.M 



The starred orange is a fruit whose rind pre- 

 sents ribs a little raised, running from the pedun- 

 cle or stem, and ending in a small mamelon or 

 nipple, which crowns them. 



These fruits are known in Liguria by the name 

 of metafo&t, because of an odor of rose which 

 some pretend to find in them. This plant is 

 small, and the brunches thin and pliable; the 

 leaf is oblong and lanceolate, with winged petiole; 

 tho fruit is small and flnltonod. Its rind, divided 



