28 



GALLESIO'S TREATISE ON THE CITRUS FAMILY. 



into many raised ribs, has the color of a lemon, 

 and a sweet odor slightly resembling that of the 

 bergamot. The pulp is white, and juice acid, en- 

 closing many seeds. This variety seems to be- 

 long to the class of hybrids. It takes after the 

 orange in leaf and form of fruit, and after the 

 lemon in color and acidity of juice. Its odor, 

 very sweet, is apparently the result of the com- 

 bination of the odorous principles of these two 

 species. 



HYBRIDS NO. XXIX. 



Citrus anrantium Indicum limo-citratum, folio ct fructu 

 mixto. 



Bigaradier limo-citre a fruit melange, on la Bizarreric. 



Bizzaria : Arancio di bizzaria. 



Mala limonia-citrata-aurantia, vulgo la Bizzaria. (Pe- 

 trus Nato. Florentiae, 1674.) 



Orange hermaphrodite : (Et. Calwl.) 



Bizaria : Cedrati della bizaria. (Vole., t. 2, p. I'iL) 



The mixed-fruit bigarade, or the bizarrerie, is, 

 perhaps, the most pronounced, and the most sin- 

 gular of hybrids. 



It was discovered at Florence in 1644 by a gar- 

 dener who had obtained the plant from seed, 

 and not dreaming of the phenomenon which lay 

 hidden in it, he had condemned it, according to 

 usage, to be grafted. Happily, after some years, 

 the graft perished, and the forgotten tree, already 

 adult, sent forth wild branches which produced 

 these marvellous fruits. The gardener, surprised, 

 multiplied the new variety by the graft, and made 

 it quite profitable to himself. He making a mys- 

 tery of its origin, everybody thought that the won- 

 der was owing to the industry of the gardener, 

 who had mingled by the graft the buds of these 

 three species. Bt the singularity of the phenom- 

 enon attracted the attention of philosophers, and 

 a physician succeeded in obtaining from the gar- 

 dener the avowal of the true origin of this tree. 



To Pierre Nato, a doctor of Florence, we are 

 indebted for this anecdote. He published at this 

 time a very learned dissertation upon this hybrid, 

 of which he gave the history and a very minute 

 description. I have many times compared it 

 with the specimen of the tree which I own, and 

 also with those at Genoa, in the garden of M. 

 Durazzo, and have found that they corresponded 

 in every particular with the description. 



The bizarrerie is a bigarade, bearing at one 

 and the same time bigarades, lemons, citrons 

 of Florence, and mixed fruits. 



The tree looks like a bigarade. Its leaves are 

 shaped sometimes like those of the orange, and 

 often like those of the citron, sometimes uniting 

 the two. There are striped, there are long, there 

 are quilled ones. Most of them have the winged 

 petiole, like the orange leaf. The flowers bloom 

 in spring and in autumn, having, like the leaves, 

 divers forms. Some have petals, white inside, 

 while the outside is shaded with red, and set 

 themselves as citrons. Others, nearly white, 

 with corolla much larger and more pronounced, 

 produce mixed fruit, while still others have a, 

 perfectly white corolla, producing nothing but 

 bigarades. Some have no pistil, and drop off. 



The fruit follows the caprice of the rest of the 

 tree. One sees sometimes a bigarade in form 

 of a lemon; others are mingled Icinon and 

 orange, at times round, sometimes having a nip- 

 ple at the summit. Others have skin of an orange 

 and pulp of a citron. These trees bear also cit- 

 rons of runny forms, of which somr nnitr tho cit- 



ron and the orange, and, finally, there are fruits 

 of which the outside and inside show four parts 

 crossed, of which two are citron and two arc 

 orange, while by the side of these are oranges 

 perfectly formed, without the least mixture. It 

 is necessary to say that the orange is always a 

 sour fruit, and that the citron is the citron of 

 Florence. 



The bizarrerie was at tirst multiplied by means 

 of the graft. It has been remarked that the buds, 

 of which it was difficult to distinguish the nature, 

 developed often only simple oranges r citrons. 



There is another caprice of this tree still more 

 singular that of a citron coming from a bud 

 which grew at the .axil of an orange leaf, and 

 conversely the orange from a bud of which the 

 leaf is citron. This phenomenon deceived so often 

 the gardeners, who obtained from their graft a 

 simple orange or citron, that recourse was had 

 to layers, and only thus can this beautiful tree, 

 with all its caprices, be multipled. 



It is cultivated only among amateurs, aud is 

 common in Tuscany; but I have seen it in 

 Genoa only in the garden of M. Durazzo. 



ART. IV. Of the Sweet-fruited Omnyc. 



Citrus aurautium Sinense flore icosaudrio, corolla alba, 

 folio petiolo alato, fructu globoso aureo, medulla dulci. 



SYNONYMS OF SWEET Ot'.ANtij:. 



Granger a fruit doux; Orange douce. 

 Arancio domestico; Arancia dolce. 

 Aranci; Citroni; (Matiol.) 

 Aranzi. (Giustin. Hist, of Genoa.) 

 Melangplo: Melarancia. (Font.) 

 Naranzi. (Mang.) 



Narendj hcelu. (Forskal Flor. './Egypt. Arab.) 

 Auranticum succo dulci. (Salinj 

 Aurea malus fructu dulci. 

 Aurantium fructu dulci. (Vole.) 

 Aurantium vulgare medulla dulci . (Ferr. ) 

 Arancio dolcc ; Araucio di Portogallo; Araudo di Malta; 

 Melarancio; Arancia da mangiarc. (Targ.) 

 Citrus aurantium. (Lira) 



The orange of sweet fruit presents a large num- 

 ber of well-marked varieties, and but few sub- 

 varieties. Among the varieties are two which 

 bear the characteristics of the type. First is the 

 common sweet orange, or Portugal; second is 

 the China orange. 



It is useless to endeavor to ascertain whether 

 Nature created originally the first, of which the 

 fruit has a little thicker "skin, or whether it is a 

 variety of the second ; therefore, we will take 

 one for type, and this will be the aurantmni vul- 

 gare ; and we will place the aurantium sinensc 

 at the head of varieties, of which there are eight. 



First. The type, or Portugal orange. 



Second. The China orange. 



Third. The red-fruited orange. 



Fourth. The dwarf, sweet-fruited orange. 



Fifth. The olive-shaped orange. 



Sixth. The double-flowered orange. 



Seventh. The sweet orange, with edible skin. 



Eighth. The pornpelmous. 



The hybrids are very numerous. We have 

 put two among the bigarades, as that species 

 dominates in their characters. Two others have 

 been ranked among citrons, and three among 

 lemons. 



We shall give to the list oi' oranges but three 

 hybrids, in which the traits of the oratige arc 

 conspicuous : 



First. Is the sour lime, with orange flowers. 



