GALLESIO'S TREATISE OX THE CITRUS FAMILY. 



Second. The variegated lime, or orange with 

 white fruit. 



Third. The striped lime, or Turkish orange, 

 with variegated leaves. 



I have seen many sub-varieties which are con- 

 nected to these hybrids, but 1 consider it useless 

 to describe all these sub-divisions, whose addi- 

 tional characteristics furnish nothing new. 



Any person adopting the principles of my 

 theory could class them for himself on occasion, 

 and connect them to the variety to which they 

 belong. 



Neither have I thought it niy duty to place in 

 this arrangement a great number of other singu- 

 lar races, of which one fincjs the names in mod- 

 ern works, without their characteristics being 

 there determined. They do not exist in the gar- 

 dens of Italy and Provence, nor in those of Spain, 

 where 1 have sought for them in vain. I have 

 conic to believe them but imaginary varieties, or 

 else species of India, not known in Europe. 

 Some botanists have also founded species upon 

 the presence or absence of the thorn ((JU.i'ns 

 inermis). 



I have already remarked that this part, so nat- 

 ural to the orange, is sometimes lacking in indi- 

 viduals produced by an extraordinary fecunda- 

 tion. 



This phenomenon, analogous to that of the 

 scarcity of hair, which distinguishes sterile be- 

 ings in the animal kingdom, "forms one of the 

 traits accompanying often the choicest varieties ; 

 but it does not of itself constitute a variety. 



It is because of these reflections that the thorn- 

 less orange has not been placed in this table. 



VARIETIES ]SO. XXX. 



ciiru.* anrantiumSinense vulgare fnictti globoso, corticc 

 cra.sfo, medulla dulci, vulgo Portugal. 



Unmoor a fruit clonx or do Portugal: 



Araucio dolcc : Portogallo. 



Aurantium vulgare medulla dulci. 



Au rant him vulgare fructu dulci : Arun/.o dolcc. (Vole., 

 p. IS?'.) 



Aimuitium Oiygiponenee ; Appd sina of Ljsbense. 

 Oranje appel. <J. Commelyn.) 



Araucio di I'ortogallo. 



Citrus aurantiunf OlysiponeiiM' : uranircr dc Portugal. 



The orange of Portugal, or common sweet or- 

 ange, is a tree growing to a great height when 

 raised from seed. Its leaf is green, having a 

 winged petiole, its shoots are whitish, its flowers 

 entirely white and very odorous, though not 

 equal in perfume to those of the foigaracle. 



Its fruit, ordinarily round, is sometimes flat- 

 tened, sometimes a little oblong. The rind, less 

 than an eighth of an inch in thickness, is of a 

 reddish yellow, and full of aroma ; the inner 

 skin is a sallow white, spongy and light. The 

 sections, nine to eleven in number, contain a 

 sweet juice, very refreshing and agreeable ; its 

 seeds are white and oblong, germinating very 

 easily and reproducing usually the species with 

 little change. There is a variety with no thorns ; 

 it is the race cultivated mostly by grafting, and is 

 seen in all countries where tins method of propa- 

 gation is followed. In places where the orango 

 is grown from seed, it is ran- !<> find it deprived 

 of thorns. 



VAIlIKTIKs MO. XXXI. 



Citrus aurnmium Siiu-inc t'rurtu globoo. .orii.-e triuii^ 

 nrno, lucido, glnbro, modnlla UMvi j -iui!i. 

 > hi Chine. 



ArancJ9 lino dclla China. 

 Aurantium Olvsiponense MVO Sinni'-c. 

 Aurantium Olyatponenao : Appel Sinn of 

 oraujo appel. 



Aurantium binciiK: : Aran/.o da Sinn. 

 I'oma da Sinn. (.Vole., p. 193.) 



The China orange is a variety excelling all 

 others in the perfection of its fruit, of which the 

 juice is the sweetest, the most abundant, and the 

 most perfumed. The skin is always smooth, 

 glossy, and so thin that one can scarce detach it 

 from the pulp. This is characteristic of this va- 

 riety. 



The orange of China grows from seed, as does 

 that of Portugal, and I have in my garden many 

 individuals of it which have grown from seeds of 

 ordinary orange. It has, commonly, a thorn by 

 the side of the bud, but there are those from seed 

 which lack this part. 



Rumphius reports under tho name of aurait 

 Hunt xitiensc, or, lemon manistyi/u'., a species of 

 sweet orange, at Auiboyua, which seems to be 

 the same as this. He says that that^tree grows 

 higher and more rounded at top than the sour 

 orange, a difference which also distinguishes 

 them among us ; that its leaf, furnished with a 

 thorn, is long and winged ; that its fruit, round 

 and large, is of a blackish-green color, and its 

 juice is sweet and vinous. 



He adds that there is a second variety with 

 fruit smaller and less sweet, and a third, of 

 which the tree grows extremely high, and has 

 flowers and fruit larger than ordinary oranges. 



An examination of their nature would be nec- 

 essary in order to decide whether they belong to 

 our European varieties. 



VARIETIES XO. XXXII. 



Citrus aurautiumllicrocliunticum fructii sanguined. 

 Granger a fruit rouge. 

 Araucio sangukmo. 



Aurantium Philippimuu fructu medio, medulla dulci put 1 -- 

 purea. (Fcr., p. 4&K) 



Orange rouge dc Portugal : Orange grenade. 

 Orange do Malte. CSouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat.) 



The red-fruited orange is a singular variety. 

 Its appearance, its leaf, its tlower, are all exactly 

 like the common orange. Its fruit alone is dis- 

 tinguished by a color of blood, which develops 

 itself gradually, and like flakes. When the fruit 

 begins to ripen it is like other oranges ; little by 

 little spots of blood-color appear in its pulp ; as 

 it advances to maturity these enlarge, becoming 

 deeper, and finally embrace all the pulp and 

 spread to the skin, which is, however, but rarely 

 covered by the peculiar color ; yet this sometimes 

 occurs, if oranges are left upon the trees after the 

 month of May. 



This orange is multiplied only by grafts, having 

 few seeds, and those of little value. This is a 

 proof that it is a monster ; if it were the type of a 

 species it would yield more seed and reproduce it- 

 self by seed. Its branches are without thorns, its 

 fruit is sweet, but less so than the China oranges, 

 and it has thicker skin. 



U is cultivated largely in Malta and in Prov- 

 ence. In Liguria it is found chiefly among ama- 

 teurs and seedsmen. 



I would here remark that the greater number 

 of botanists, in describing the India oranges, speak 

 often of varieties which are distinguished by a 

 c.inow pulp : Medulla vtnosn, (Rumph.) Cniu jmuw 

 rinositate, fib.) Medulla 'rf/ii>M sapor iv, (K^ mph.) It 

 very probable that thoy hate intended 



