GALLESIO'S TREATISE ON THE CITRUS FAMILY. 



to express by the word citwya (wine-like) tlie 

 blood-color which distinguishes our red orange. 

 If this be so, our orange is of Indian origin evi- 

 dently, and may well be a hybrid of the Citrus au- 

 rantium vutyare, and some one of the species of 

 India. 



VARIETIES NO. XXX 111. 



Citrus aurantium Siuen.su puniilusu fnictu dtilci. 

 Granger naiu a fruit doux. 

 Arancio nano dolce. 

 Aranzo nano dolce. (Vole.) 

 Aurantium huniile pimiilum l'"lii ,-atii?, lloribu^. 

 bus. (Millar.) 



The sweet-fruited dwarf orange was still, at 

 the middle of the seventeenth century, confined 

 to China. Ferraris says that it was not culti- 

 vated at the Phillipines, and that the Chinese car- 

 ried large quantities to Manilla. It is to be sup- 

 posed that since then it has been naturali/ed in 

 Europe. I have found it in the Hesperides of 

 Volcamerius, and it appears that it is reported by 

 Millar in his dictionary, where he gives two va- 

 rieties of dwarf orange, only one of which is 

 called a sour fruit. 



It is unknown in Liguria and Provence. 



VAKIETIES NO. XXXIV. 



Citrus aurantium Sinense fructii oliviforme. dulci me- 

 dulla et cortice. 



Granger a fruit oliviforme, a ccorcc et juy doux. 

 Arancio a scorza dolce oliviforme. 

 Aurantium Sinense fructu oliva 1 , etc. 



The dwarf, olive-shaped orange is still peculiar 

 to China. Ferraris says of it, that it was un- 

 known in his time, except in that country, and I 

 do not know that it has been naturalized in Eu- 

 rope since then. I have not found it in any bo- 

 tanical work. Its fruit is shaped like, and no 

 larger than, a Spanish olive; the juice is very 

 sugary, and the skin sweet. 



VARIETIES NO. XXXV. 



Citrus aurantium Sinense florc scmiplcno, fructu wpe 

 fcetifero, medulla dulci. 



Granger a fleur double et semi-double, souvcnt portant 

 un fruit dans 1' autre, a jus doux. 



Arancio a flor doppio. 



Aurantium flore pleno. (Vole.) 



Granger a fleur double. (Calvel.) 



The double-flowered orange is distinguished 

 only by a multiplicity of petals, increasing the 

 size of the flower at the expense of the sexual 

 parts, which are lacking. 



I have never seen one of entirely double flow- 

 ers. The one I own has semi-double. 



I have before remarked that this variety often 

 gives fruit which encloses a second within itself, 

 and that this is frequent in all these monstrous 

 varieties and in hybrids. 



VARIETIES NO. XXXVI. 



Citrus aurantium Sinense fructu dulci, cortiei cduli. 



Granger a fruit doux et a ecorce douce. 



Aurantinm Lusitanicum pulpa, cum cortiei manducanda 

 t-t dulci. (Vole.) 



Aurantium Philippinum sapore dulci, cortice ilavoeduli. 

 (Fer.) 



Mains aurantia cortiei eduli. (Spanish.) Naranja caxel. 

 (Cms.) 



Aurantium dulci cortiei: Oranje appel met Zocte Schil. 

 (Commelyn.) 



The orange of edible skin is unknown in Li- 

 guria. It came, originally, from the Phillipines, 

 and I have seen it at Seville. The fruit is sweet, 

 and its skin has, at maturity, less of piquance 

 than that of our oranges. 



I have observed, however, that wo also have 

 Varieties with thick skin, which acquiiv n cer- 



tain sweetness when the fruit remain:.-; ou the 

 trees until August. The orange of edible (skin 

 does not merit cultivation, except for completim 1 . 

 collections. 



VA1UETIEH ISO. XXX VII. 

 Citrus aurantium decuuiaiium fructu omnium maxiiuo. 



medulla dulci. 

 Grander I'ompelmotis. 

 Arancio massiino. 



PampelmuB. (Meister.i Kin. (XI Linn.) 

 Mains aurantia ulriiisque Jiulia- fructu omnium maxiino 



el suavissimo, JJeli^is oricntalibus Pompc-hnns. 



\ irjfiiiicnsis nostratibus ab invrntoris nomine, qui ex 



India orient, ad oras Americanus primus transtulit. 

 Shaddock. (Pluken. Almag.. p. SJiMM 

 (Sloanc Voy. to Jamaica, p. -1J, tab. 12.) 

 Limo decuman us; I'ompelmoes. (Kumph.) 

 Aurautium ludicum maximum, vuk;o 'Pompelmoc;-. 



(Vole.) 



Aurantium fructu maxiino India orient. (U.^rrli.) 

 Called Chadock, or la TetecP Enfant, or 1'amnelmoii^r. 



(Millar Diet.) 



The Citrus dec tin tana has been often con- 

 founded with the pom tt. 11 1 Adami, both varie- 

 ties being of an extraordinary size, consequently 

 the name dccumana or decumanus, which signi- 

 fies ten times greater (derived from dccem), has 

 been applied indiscriminately to both. They 

 present, however, traits so different that it is 

 necessary to put the first among varieties, the 

 second among hybrids. 



The aurantium decumanum is the same as the 

 Umo decumanus of Rumphius, and the mains au- 

 rantia fructu omnium maxiino et suanssimo of 

 Sloaiie, and is a veritable orange tree, bearing 

 extraordinarily large fruit, yet having all the 

 characteristics of the orange. 



In India this variety gives a numerous grada- 

 tion of sub-varieties, described principally by 

 Rumphius in his "herbarium ambainense, and of 

 which some are perhaps hybrids crossed with 

 bigarades, citrons, and lemons. 



This writer describes some having red and 

 sweet fruit; others with fruit sour and skin 

 edible; still others with insipid fruit and bitter 

 skin. 



Sloane confounds also this orange with the 

 Adam's apple, and after having reported it r,s 

 the malus aurantia fructu rotundo maxima pal- 

 lescente humanum caput excedente of many bota- 

 nists, he calls it the mains aurantia utrmxquc 

 India', fructu omnium ma,nmo et suavissimo of 

 Pluken, which is the true pompelmous. 



Liumeus, who wrote after these, united them 



under the same name, and appeared to indicate 



the Adam's apple in the malus aurantia fructu 



' ma.rimo of ISloane, and the pom- 



peluious in that of Meist. 



All this clearly proves the existence of a sweet 

 orange, extraordinarily large, whose hybrids and 

 varieties arc so numerous that they cause con- 

 fusion in names. 



This orange is not connected with the aaran- 

 tium maximum of Ferraris, which appears to be 

 a hybrid of two oranges, and which has traits pe- 

 culiarly its own. 



I do not know whether this tree is cultivated in 

 Europe. I have many times visited gardens in 

 Italy and Spain, where they prctcndcifto have it, 

 but have always found il was but the Adam's 

 apple. I have, however, seen one of its fruits 

 brought from America, and preserved in spirits of 

 wine, at the Museum of the Botanical (fardcn, 

 Paris. Its si/e is truly extraordinary. I ha, V( > 

 never scon an A.damV :ipplc approaching it in 



