JALLKSIO'S TKKATisi-; ox TIIK rmu'h FAMILY. 



volume, Its outer skin is smooth, and of the 

 color of the orungr, wliiHi il exactly resembles 

 in form. 



I do not know the nature of its inner skin and 

 pulp, but the descriptions of llumplmis ami oth- 

 ers teach us that there exist several varieties, 

 some having sour and some sweet fruit. 1 have 

 a fancy that the fruit at the Museum belongs to 

 these last ; for the sour fruit is said to be a pale 

 yellow, the color of the Pomme d' Adam very far 

 removed from the beautiful, golden fruit at the 

 Museum. 



Millar says that this orange was carried from 

 India by a Captain Shaddock. 



There is a certainly respecting the origin of the 

 Adam's apple, though the history of the pam- 

 pelmous is obscure. We know thart the first, 

 resembling the pampelmous in size, and at- 

 tached to it by many varieties, has been culti- 

 vated in Europe for more than 500 years. It is 

 possible that the English isles received it from 

 Asia, but it is certain that the Spaniards, \yho ac- 

 climated it upon the continent, brought it from 

 Spain, where it was cultivated from the time of 

 the Arabs. 



HYBRIDS NO. XXXVIII. 



films aurantium Sinenso limoniformc folio petiolo 

 alato, fractu flavo oblongo papilla careutp, cortiec crasso, 

 medulla amara. 



Lime a fleur d 1 orange. 



Aranzo a frutto limonifonn, vuliro Limia. 



Aurantium limonis eftigie. 



Aran/o limonato. (Vole.) 



The lemon-shaped orange is a true lime. It is 

 known, however, by the name of limia. The 

 fruit has the shape of a lemon, and juice of a bi- 

 garacle ; the leaves and flowers are also like the 

 latter. It is a hybrid of these two species. 

 They cultivate it but little in Liguria. I have a 

 specimen which I keep to complete my collec- 

 tion. 



The juice may be used like that of the lemon. 



HYBRIDS NO. XXXIX. 



< 'iiriis auravitium Sinense folio et fructu variey;aio. 

 Orange,! 1 a fruit blanc : Granger panache. 

 Arancio bianco. 



Anrantium striis aurois dletinctmn : Avan/o liamaio. 

 (Vole., p. 195.) 



i Jon to orange appcl. (Oommel.) 

 Auraniium yirgatum. (For.) 

 Orani^ev Suisso, or Itcga. 

 Orange! a t'cuille ct fruit tranche (U: blanc. (liucycl.) 



The orange w 7 ith variegated fruit is a hybrid of 

 the lemon. ^Its leaf is edged with a yellowish 

 white border, which is due to the mixture of this 

 "species. Its fruit, before maturity, is whitish, 

 striped by some greenish lines, which become 

 yellow as the fruit ripens ; while the white 

 ground changes to orange-color. Its pulp is 

 sweetish and has little perfume. 



This variety is cultivated in Liguria only by 

 collectors and seedsmen. It is very ornamental 

 in gardens, but grows slowly, and gives but little 

 fruit. The seedsmen of Nervi carry it to Paris, 

 where I have seen sonic very good roots. 



VARIETIES NO. XL. 



Citrus aurrmtitimTnrcicum folio augusto m.icnlato, frnc- 

 ;ii oblongo, cutrallmlastriisvariata vireiitibus, ovanucntos 

 in matiiritate, corliei crus.so, medulla amara. 



The striped orange is a sub-variety of the Turk- 

 ish orange, with willow leaver, and has a similar 

 appearance, 



Its leaf is a little shorter and .straight, and is a 

 little more irregularly edged, with a whitish yel- 

 low border. 



The fruit is yellowish, and striped with many 

 greenish bands which cut it in its length. The 

 pulp is bitter and juice insipid. I consider it a 

 hybrid of the lemon, for it appears to have 

 received from it the yellow with which it is 

 striped. 



It is cultivated in Liguria by amateurs and 

 seedsmen. 



AKT. V. Of Monstrous Fruits. 



No genus of plants is so much disposed to 

 yield monsters as the Citrus. These are of two 

 kinds, monstrous races and monstrous fruits. 



We have seen that monstrous races are due 

 only to an extraordinary fertilization modifying 

 within the ovary the germs that give them birth. 



We have observed that the monstrous fruits 

 appeared also to be produced by the action of a 

 forced fertilization, which caused a modification 

 in the forms of the ovary. 



The first fact appears carried to the last point 

 of evidence. It establishes the influence of the 

 pollen upon the organization of germs, without, 

 however, destroying the pre-existence of these 

 embryos in the ovary. 



The second fact is not so well established, but 

 the consequences of it are much more important. 

 So that whoever succeeds in confirming it by ex- 

 act and repeated experiments will have fixed a 

 principle of vegetable physiology now uncertain ; 

 and which has been judged until the present 

 time, by a system of analogy, with the animal 

 kingdom. He will have determined the measure 

 of co-operation which the male principle has in 

 reproduction. 



The fact of monstrous races can be reconciled 

 with the pre-existence of the germ in the ovary; 

 for this germ, receiving life but by the agency of 

 the fertilizing part, may, by this operation, be al- 

 tered in the principles of its organization, and 

 give but vegetable mules. 



But the fact of monstrous fruits would appear 

 to destroy the theory of this pre-existence. Here 

 the pollen changes the form and nature of the 

 ovary, and multiplies the embryos in this envel- 

 ope in a singular manner, such as the aurantium 

 fn'.tifcnan, the cortiiculatum, the digitatum, and 

 the orange that I have obtained with a lemon 

 border. 



The (t i( r< t ntin nt.fatifemm presents a super-fceta- 

 tion, an imperfect development of many germs 

 enclosed one within another, or united under the 

 envelope of an exterior germ. These germs did 

 they exist in this ovary, or have they been formed 

 there by the pollen which has fertilized it ? This 

 is the problem which remains to be solved. 



On the one hand I observe that these mon- 

 strous developments have place, very often, in 

 flowers of which the fertilization has been forced 

 by a superabundance and mixture of pollen. On 

 the other I sec that this phenomenon is very fre- 

 quent in the monstrous races, such as plants with 

 double flowers, and appears to show modifica- 

 tions in the germ analogous to those which pro- 

 duce the change of sexual parts into petals. 



These two observations may be the base of 



