GALLESIO'S TREATISE ON THE CITRUS FAMILY. 



. Similar to the bizarrerie is the 

 violet sour orange, which is cultivated at Paris, 

 (citnts aurantium indicum fructu violaces). I 

 have noticed in the specimen growing in the 

 Jardin des Plantes that of the flowers springing 

 from the same branch some were white, like 

 those of the orange tree, and others violet, like 

 those of the lemon tree a variation appearing 

 equally in the fruit. Others have observed in 

 individuals of this race that this caprice may ap- 

 pear one year, be wanting the second, and reap- 

 pear the third year. 



Observation IV. With the pinks, of which I 

 spoke above, may be compared the streaked 

 orange trees (citrus aurantium folio et fructu va- 

 rief/ato). I have seen some of them which devel- 

 oped branches in no way affected by that yellow- 

 ish border which marks the foliage of these trees ; 

 and I have seen this caprice reappear. in others 

 after it had been almost lost for years. 



Observation V. The gardeners of Liguria have 

 a practice of separating from other cabbages the 

 cauliflower, destined for seed, by transporting 

 them into isolated gardens, and surrounding 

 them by a sort of enclosure of branches or straw 

 in order to preserve them from the influence of 

 the other species. 



Owing to this precaution vegetable gardens 

 present only plants of the ordinary form. 



I have seen plots of cauliflowers (brassica 

 olcracea botrytix) and of'brocolis (brassica vulgar is 

 witiva), whose seeds had been gathered from 

 plants of these two species, which had been 

 sown pell-mell in the same bed, and almost 

 every head had curled and streaked leaves. 



CONSEQUENCES. 



The pollen of one species acting upon the 

 ovary of another, produces a modification in the 

 seed which results from it. This modification 

 is sometimes uniform and constant, and some- 

 times variable and inconstant. 



It offers most frequently the example of a mix- 

 ture in the substance of the germ, which is iden- 

 tified with it and affects all its parts without un- 

 dergoing afterward any change. 



It offers sometimes the example of a principle 

 which circulates in the essence of the vegetable 

 and sometimes affects its products, and which 

 sometimes, without affecting them externally, 

 passes, nevertheless, into their essences, to reap- 

 pear in succeeding products, as well as some- 

 times abandoning one part of the vegetable to 

 concentrate itself in another. These caprices 

 appear in hybrids but not in varieties. In these 

 last the principles which are blended have among 

 them considerable analogy, while those united 

 in the hybrid are by nature heterogeneous. 



The hermaphrodite orange is due to the seed. 

 This is an ascertained fact, established in a dis- 

 sertation by a Florentine naturalist, published 

 ' in 1644. 



It is owing to fecundation ; it is a fact which 

 results from its forms, from the nature of its 

 productions, and from all the phenomena of its 

 existence. 



The pink of mixed Mowers, giving red and 

 white flowers, is due to the seed, and to a seed 

 proceeding from a fecundated flower; it is a 

 physical lact, since it results from an operation 

 made with the greatest exactness. 



The phenomena of these two hybrids have a 



groat analogy with the phenomena of the streaked 

 plants. 



We remark in these hybrids this same incon- 

 stancy in the accidents which gave rise to the 

 belief that the streak is only a disease. If the 

 heterogeneous mixture in fecundation is the cause 

 of the mixture which affects the fruit of the bizar- 

 rerie and of the colors which appear and disap- 

 pear in the pink, it may be equally the cause of 

 the streak. The streak offers no other circum- 

 stance which it might be difficult to reconcile 

 with these principles except the inconstancy of 

 its phenomena. The example of the orange and 

 the pink prove that it is not incompatible with 

 this cause. If this streak be a disease, it origi- 

 nates in the germ and affects the substance of it 

 in the fructifying principle, and in this case can 

 be due only to fecundation. But this phenome- 

 non of streaks seems to be rather a monstrosity 

 than a malady, since it has uniform and regular 

 forms which affect all the leaves alike. If it 

 were a malady, the individuals affected by it 

 would not possess the vigor and health which 

 usually characterize them. It would not be 

 produced by preference from seeds gathered 

 from plants mixed with other varieties, and a 

 whole plot would not be affected by it, as hap- 

 pens in the cauliflower, but they would appear 

 isolated among healthy individuals, and might be 

 produced by any seed whatever. 



ART. IX. Theories respecting vegetable reprodiiC' 



tion Corollaries Conclusion. 

 These experiments, facts, and analogies, taken 

 as a whole, necessarily give rise to principles 

 which form so many theories in the system of 

 vegetable reproduction. 



1. Nature has created the genera which form 

 so many families distinguished from each other 

 by peculiar marks. 



2. Nature has created the species also which 

 form so many branches in these families to 

 which they belong on account of common char- 

 acteristics. 



3. The mixture of these species in the union 

 of the sexes has given rise to hybrids. 



4. The mixture and proportion of the produc- 

 tive principles of several individuals of the same 

 species have produced the varieties. 



5. The irregular and forced action of one princi- 

 ple upon the other in the act of fecundation, either 

 in the same or in different species, has given rise 

 to monstrosities. 



6. The varieties are, therefore, due only to the 

 seed. 



7. The seed originates equally the varieties 

 called choice and those growing wild. 



8. Cultivation has destined the first to furnish 

 the graft and the second to bear it. 



9. The graft and the slip only can perpetuate 

 these varieties in their natural condition. 



10. The seeds of these varieties are also sub- 

 mitted to the influence of fecundation and sub- 

 ject to give new varieties by it, sometimes better, 

 sometimes inferior, in quality. It gives types 

 when the fecundation takes place according to 

 the laws of nature. 



11. Monstrosities arc individuals whose organi- 

 zation has undergone an alteration by the fact of 

 fecundation. 



12. If this alteration occurs in the ovary the 



