PREFACE 



THE three Chapters in this work little 

 altered were all originally contribu- 

 tions to the Nineteenth Century, which 

 by the kind permission of the Editor, 

 Mr. Knowles, I now republish in a 

 separate and connected form. 



Mr. Spencer, in the May 1897 

 number of the same Review, has 

 ascribed to me, in these papers, several 

 misconceptions as to his contentions 

 and position. These, however, are all 

 open to argument except one. In 

 this one Mr. Spencer thinks I have 



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