EFFECTS OF REFRACTION 



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surface of the water at A B. Then the rays of light 

 from M N can only be seen by a trout situated at E 

 when they enter along the dotted lines N B E, M b E, 

 and the fish sees M N as in the direction b B, and also 

 relatively reduced in size to b B. 



Objects immediately over the trout will suffer least 



DIAGRAM 9. 



A E B, a vertical section of the hollow cone in Diagram 8, 



cutting surface of water at A B. 

 M N, any object on land, such as a man. 

 E 6 M, E B N, the lines along which the rays of light 



from the man M N will reach the fish. 

 E 6, E B, the direction in which the trout will see the 



man. 

 E d D, E d D, the lines showing the under surface of 



water, acting as a mirror to the trout of all objects 



under the water and outside the cone E A, E B. 



from the influence of refraction, but their shape and 

 size will suffer the more as they leave the zenith, and 

 objects on the horizon will suffer most, etc. 



To the trout the full moon as it rises will appear as 

 a small horizontal line of light 42 degrees above the 

 real horizon, and it will gradually assume its circular 

 shape as it approaches the zenith. 



7 



