PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION vii 



illustrations are reproductions of photographs and drawings made 

 by the author, and that in all cases where illustrations are bor- 

 rowed, or drawings have been especially made for this book, credit 

 is given each author in connection with the reproduction. 



One of the most difficult questions which arises in writing a work of 

 this kind is that relating to nomenclature. Owing to the desirability 

 of maintaining a stable nomenclature, particularly for medicinal plants, 

 the author has adopted a rather conservative course and has been 

 largely guided by Engler and Prantl and Index Kewerisis, or, in the 

 case of plants growing in the United States preference is given to 

 the names adopted in Gray's New Manual of Botany, revised by 

 Robinson and Fernald. 



In the preparation of a book like the present it is self-evident that 

 it is based upon the work of the great masters who have developed 

 pharmacognosy from its inception. In the Introductory chapter and 

 throughout the work the names of these men are referred to and in 

 some instances illustrations are given which stand as monuments to 

 their labors. . 



Among the works consulted by the author, and of which special 

 mention should be made, are the following: Systematic Anatomy of 

 the Dicotyledons, by Hans Solereder, translation by Boodle, Fritsch 

 and Scott; Arzneidrogen, by Heinrich Zornig; Pharmakognosie, by 

 Vogl; Traite de Toxicologie Vegetale, by M. Eug. Collin; Pflanzen- 

 mikrochemie, by O. Tunmann; Die Heilpflanzen, by Georg Dragen- 

 dorff; The Volatile Oils, by Gildemeister & Hoffmann, translation 

 by Edward Kremers; Die Pflanzen-Alkaloide, by Jul. Wilh. Briihl, 

 E. Hjelt and 0. Aschan. 



Grateful acknowledgment is also made to the following publishers 

 for permission to reproduce illustrations from the works mentioned: 

 Wilhelm Engelmann, of Leipzig: Die natiirlichen Pflanzen-familien 

 by Engler and Prantl. Gebriider Borntraeger, of Berlin: Handbuch 

 der systematische Botanik by E. Warming. Weidmannsche Buch- 

 handlung, of Berlin: WissenschaftHche Drogenkunde by Arthur 

 Meyer. Gustav Fischer, of Jena: Lehrbuch der Botanik by Stras- 

 burger, Noll, Schenck and Schimper. The publishers of Merck's 

 Report and the Editor of the American Journal of Pharmacy. 



Acknowledgment also is made to Dr. Charles Travis for his 

 cooperation and careful studies of the alkaloidal crystals described 

 in this book, and to Dr. Walter E. King for revising the manuscript 

 of the pages on Applied Bacteriology. 



H. K. 



