SAVIN 49 



Powder. Calcium oxalate in monoclinic prisms about 0.030 

 mm. in length, occurring in stone cells, which are about 0.060 mm. 

 in diameter and with walls that are about 0.015 mm. in thickness; a 

 small number of nearly spheroidal starch grains from 0.005 to 0.007 

 mm. in diameter; fragments with oil glands and brown pigment cells. 



Constituents. Juniper berries contain 0.5 to 1.5 per cent of a 

 volatile oil containing pinene, cadinene, and a juniper camphor; 

 10 per cent of resin; 15 to 30 per cent of dextrose; a yellow coloring 

 principle; and yield 2 to 4 per cent of ash. The oil and the fruits 

 are chiefly used in the manufacture of gin. 



LIGNUM JUNIPERL Juniper wood. The wood of the roots, 

 stems and branches of Juniperus communis is official in the Austrian 

 Pharmacopeia. It occurs in commerce in pieces varying from 2 to 

 10 cm. in thickness with the thin bark usually adhering. The wood 

 of the root is preferred to that of the stems and branches, in that it is 

 more aromatic. It contains a small quantity of volatile oil and resin. 



The juniper wood oil of commerce consists apparently of oil of 

 turpentine to which some juniper oil has been added, or it is turpen- 

 tine oil which has been added to juniper wood or branches and 

 redistilled. The oil is used to some extent in veterinary medicine 



SABINA. Savin. The young and tender, green branches of 

 Juniperus Sabina (Fam. Pinaceae), an evergreen shrub indigenous to 

 the mountainous regions of southern and central Europe and extend- 

 as far as Siberia. The young twigs are collected in the spring, 

 stripped from the older woody branches and dried. In the prepara- 

 tion of the volatile oil, which is official, they are used in the green 

 state. 



Description. Branchlets 1 to 5 cm. long, 1 to 2 mm. in diameter; 

 covered with closely appressed (except those at the base of the 

 branches or branch-scars), grayish- or brownish-green, rhomboidal, 

 scale-like leaves which are about 1 mm. long, 4-ranked, closely imbri- 

 cated, thus completely covering the branchlets, and show in cross- 

 section a single large oil-gland directly beneath the epidermis of the 

 dorsal surface. Some of the berry-like fruits are usually present. 

 They are globular or ellipsoidal, brownish-yellow or purplish-black, 

 5 to 7 mm. in. diameter, with a whitish bloom, wrinkled and more or 

 less tuberculate, due to the tips of the fleshy scales; the pui'p is brown- 

 ish and contains from 2 to 6 ovoid, yellowish-brown seeds, 3 to 4 

 mm. long, longitudinally grooved, particularly on the dorsal side 

 and enclosed by a resinous membrane. The odor is slightly tere- 

 binthinate, and the taste, bitterish and resinous. 



Inner Structure. See Fig. 18. 



