50 



SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED PHARMACOGNOSY 



Powder. Starch, 0.004 mm.; characteristic hypodermis, con- 

 sisting of long fibers 0.015 mm. wide, associated with epidermis; 

 narrow tracheids; numerous oleo-resin masses. 



Constituents. From 4 to 6 per cent of a volatile oil, consisting 

 of about 10 per cent of an alcohol sabinol; 40 to 44 per cent of an ester 

 of sabinol and acetic acid; a sesquiterpene; and a principle with 

 an odor of cumin aldehyde. Also resin, and a small amount of tannin. 



Allied Plants. Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana) is a tree or 

 shrub of wide distribution in North America. The fruits are purple, 



FIG. 18. Transverse section of the stalk of Juniperus Sabina at the point of 

 attachment of two leaves, ep, epidermis; s, stomata; h, hypodermis; 

 pal, palisade cells; I, bast fibers; b, xylem; r, mechanical tissue; S, oil- 

 secreting gland or reservoir. After Mongin. 



smaller, and contain fewer seeds than those of J. Sabina. The con- 

 stituents are also similar. The volatile oil of the wood is known as 

 red cedar wood oil and occurs to the extent of 2.5 to 4.5 per cent. 

 The oil consists of so-called cedar camphor, or cedrol, and cedrene. 



ANGIOSPERMS 



The Angiosperms or flowering plants include the highest group or 

 phylum. They are represented by at least 130,000 living species 

 and about 10 per cent of which have been used by man either as food, 

 in medicine, or for some distinct economic purpose. 



