is rather distinctive, all of the species contain peltate-glandular hairs 

 and some of the genera including Juglans show a septation of the pith 

 resembling that which is found in Phytolacca. In the bark of Carya 

 there are isolated groups of primary bast fibers and in Juglans there 

 is a composite sclerenchymatous ring. The tracheae usually have 

 simple pores and the wood parenchyma are rather abundant. The 

 stomata are usually restricted to the lower surface of the leaves and 

 in the loose mesophyll are cells containing rosette aggregates. Soli- 

 tary crystals of calcium oxalate are also occasionally present in some 

 of the genera. The non-glandular hairs are either unicellular or of 

 the tufted type. 



Carya illinoensis (Wang.), K. Koch, which bears the pecan nut 

 found in the Middle and Southwestern States; C. ovata (Mill.) K. 

 Koch, a large and handsome tree, known as shell-bark or shag-bark 

 hickory and is the chief source of the hickory nuts of the 

 market. There are six other common species of Carya which 

 are indigenous to the United States and Canada and all yield 

 edible fruits. 



JUGLANS. Butternut Bark. The bark of the root of Juglans 

 cinerea (Fam. Juglandacese), a tree growing in rich moist soil in the 

 Eastern and Central United States. The roots are collected in the 

 autumn, the bark separated and dried. 



Description. In quills or flattened somewhat channeled pieces, 

 of variable length and from 2 to 10 mm. in thickness; both the outer 

 and inner surfaces are dark brown, the outer being somewhat scaly; 

 fracture short, fibrous, the surface being somewhat checkered; odor 

 distinct; taste bitter, pungent and acrid. 



Inner Structure. See Fig. 70. 



Powder. Dark brown; calcium oxalate usually in rosette aggre- 

 gates from 0.015 to 0.050 mm. in diameter or in monoclinic prisms 

 from 0.010 to 0.025 mm. in length occurring in parenchyma or in 

 crystal fibers; bast fibers, 0.030 mm. wide and very long; stone cells, 

 from 0.035 to 0.100 mm. in diameter; oily drops and purplish-brown 

 tannin masses in parenchyma. Starch grains mostly single, or 2- 

 to 4-compound, the individual grains from 0.003 to 0.015 mm. in 

 diameter, occasionally with a central cleft. J. cinerea is distinguished 

 from J. alba and J. nigra in that both of the latter possess numerous 

 crystal fibers containing prismatic or rhombohedral crystals. J. 

 nigra has also in the medullary rays rosette aggregates of calcium 

 oxalate. J. regia appears more nearly to resemble J. cinerea. 



Constituents. It contains about 7 per cent of a yellow, crys- 

 talline acrid principle which is colored purple with alkalies; 2 to 



