HOPS . 177 



copceia would be one which includes situations in which a potent 

 drug could be grown and excludes those in which Cannabis is known 

 to be deficient in activity. Physiologically active Cannabis also 

 comes from Turkestan, Asia Minor, France, Italy, Spain, Mexico 

 and from the warmer and more arid regions in the United States. 



The alkaloids harmine and harmaline are found in the seeds 

 of Peganum Harmala (Fam. Zygophyllacese) of India, and have 

 narcotic properties similar to Cannabis indica. 



Literature. Hamilton, Jour. A. Ph. A., 1915, 4, p. 448; Ballard, 

 Ibid., 1299; Sayre, Ibid., 1303. 



HUMULUS. Hops. The fruit of Humulus Lupulus (Fam. 

 Moracese), a perennial herbaceous climber, indigenous to Europe, 

 Asia and North America, and extensively cultivated in England, 

 Germany and various parts of the United States, South America and 

 Australia, where it is also naturalized. Hops are collected in Sep- 

 tember, when they are ripe, carefully dried by means of artificial 

 heat, and packed into bales or sent loose into commerce. They 

 are sometimes treated with sulphur dioxide to improve the color 

 and to prevent change of the active principles. The development 

 of the odor of valerianic acid is said to be prevented by sprinkling 

 the hops with a small quantity of alcohol before packing them. 

 Hops lose their active properties on keeping. 



Description. Cone-like, flattened, oblong or ovoid, 2 'to 3 cm. 

 long, 1.5 to 2 cm. wide, about 7 mm. thick, consisting of a sharp- 

 undulate rachis and about 50 membranous bracts, the latter dis- 

 tinctly veined, light green or brownish-green, glandular-hairy, 

 entire, 10 to 14 mm. long, 7 to 11 mm. broad, with acute summit 

 and rounded base, frequently infolded on one side and enclosing 

 a sub-globular, light-brown, very glandular achene; the seed with 

 two flat, spirally coiled cotyledons and without a reserve layer; 

 odor aromatic ; taste bitter. 



Powder. Light green; calcium oxalate in rosette aggregates, 

 0.010 to 0.015 mm. in diameter; non-glandular hairs unicellular, 

 more or less bent, thin-walled, 0.2 to 0.3 mm. long; glandular hairs 

 of two kinds (Fig. 75), either with a 3-celled stalk and a nearly color- 

 less, multicellular, glandular head 0.050 mm. in diameter, or with 

 a short 4-cel).ed stalk and a multicellular, bright yellow, . glandular 

 head 0.1 to 0.3 mm. in diameter. 



Constituents. Volatile oil about 0.7 per cent, of which 60 to 

 70 per cent is humulene; a crystalline, bitter principle, lupamaric 

 acid; tannin 4 to 5 per cent; resin 10 to 18 per cent; asparagin, 

 about 1 per cent; trimethylamine; choline or lupuline; malic and 



