LUPULIN 179 



Those from the various sections of California show no important 

 differences in their properties during any particular season, the curves 

 showing considerable parallelism. The Oregon and Washington 

 oils are very similar in their properties, but differ somewhat from 

 the California oils. The New York oils seem to be the most closely 

 related to the foreign oils in all properties, with the exception of the 

 ester content, which is considerably higher. From the standpoint 

 of the increasing ester content the various oils arrange themselves 

 in the following order: Imported, California, Washington, New York 

 and Oregon, the three latter being very closely related. 



LUPULINUM. Lupulin. A powder separated from hops (see 

 Humulus), and consisting chiefly of the glandular hairs. Lupulin 

 may be systematically separated from the hops, or it may be obtained 

 as a by-product during the handling of the hops. Commercial 

 lupulin consists for the most part of sweepings collected where 

 hops are prepared for the market, the extraneous matter being 

 removed by sifting and washing. The powder is then carefully 

 dried and preserved. 



Description. Granular, yellowish- or reddish-brown, consisting 

 of glandular hairs with a somewhat globular or ellipsoidal, bright- 

 yellow, multicellular head 0.1 to 0.3 mm. in diameter (Fig. 75); 

 odor aromatic; taste aromatic and bitter. 



Not less than 60 per cent of lupulin should be soluble in ether, and 

 the ash should not be more than 10 per cent. 



In fresh lupulin there are more light yellow glandular hairs than 

 in old. In the latter there are yellowish- or grayish-brown resinous 

 masses replacing the light yellow oil. The amount of Humulus 

 fragments should not be too large in lupulin of good quality. 



Constituents. A volatile oil, identical with that of hops, about 

 3 per cent; a crystalline bitter principle, lupamaric acid (hop bitter), 

 which becomes yellow on exposure to air and on hydrolysis yields 

 lupuliretin and a crystalline substance lupulic acid; a tasteless resin; 

 myricin; valerianic acid, which together with the oil is obtained on 

 the distillation of lupulin with water; and ash from 3 to 5 per cent. 



The volatile oil of hops or lupulin is sparingly soluble in alcohol 

 and is not converted into valerianic acid by means of oxidizing 

 agents. This acid is, however, produced upon treating the extract 

 of hops with potassium permanganate. 



Ficus. Fig. The fruit of Ficus Carica (Fam. Moraceae), 

 a tree indigenous to Persia and cultivated in most sub-tropical and 

 tropical countries. The fruit is collected when ripe, partially dried 

 in the sun, and tightly packed in boxes. 



