220 



SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED PHARMACOGNOSY 



wide; pith cells numerous, resembling those of the cortex. For 

 structure of root, consult Fig. 97. 



Powder. Light to dark brown; starch grains numerous, single 

 or compound, the individual grains from 0.003 to 0.015 mm. in 

 diameter; spheroidal or more of less polygonal, each with a some- 

 what central cleft; fragments of tracheae with scalariform thicken- 



& 



FIG. 97. Cimicifuga. Transverse section of the central part of a mature root 

 in which the secondary changes are completed: a, parenchyma; b, endo- 

 dermis; c, cambium zone; d, tracheae in secondary xylem; e, broad, wedge- 

 shaped medullary rays; /, outer portion of one of the primary xylem bundles; 

 g, parenchyma beneath the endodermis; h, inter-fascicular cambium. 

 After Bastin. 



ings or bordered pores and lignified wood-fibers; irregular, yellowish- 

 brown fragments of suberized epidermis made up of more or less 

 tabular cells, sometimes elongated and considerably thickened. 



