256 SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED PHARMACOGNOSY 



found in greatest amount in Cassia bark and least in the Saigon 

 variety; a bitter principle especially characteristic of Cassia bark; 

 and a mucilage which may be the source, at least in part, of the vola- 

 tile oil. 



Standard of Purity. Cinnamon is the dried bark of cultivated 

 varieties of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Breyne or of Cinnamomum 

 Cassia (Nees) Blume, from which the outer layers may or may not 

 been removed. 



Ceylon Cinnamon is the dried inner bark of cultivated varieties 

 of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Breyne. 



Saigon cinnamon, Cassia, is the dried bark of cultivated varieties 

 of Cinnamomum cassia (Nees) Blume. 



Ground cinnamon, ground cassia, is the powder made from cin- 

 namon. It contains not more than 5 per cent of total ash, nor more 

 than 2 per cent of ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid. U. S. Dept. 

 Agric. 



Allied Plants. Batavia Cassia or Fagot Cassia is the bark of 

 Cinnamomum Burmanni. In double quills, the larger sometimes 

 enclosing smaller quills, 5 to 8 cm. in length, 5 to 15 mm. in diameter, 

 bark 0.5 to 3 mm. in thickness; outer surface light- or reddish-brown, 

 nearly smooth; inner surface dark-brown with occasional longitudinal 

 ridges and depressed areas; fracture short; odor pronounced, aro- 

 matic; taste aromatic and distinctly mucilaginous. It forms a shiny 

 glutinous mass with water and yields with alcohol 11 to 17 per cent 

 of an extract. A number of barks come into the market under 

 the name of " Cassia bark." In fact, Cassia Cinnamon is frequently 

 known as China Cassia, or Canton Cassia or Cassia lignea, all being 

 synonyms for the same variety of bark. Saigon Cinnamon is also 

 known commercially as Saigon Cassia. The barks of other species 

 of Cinnamomum also find their way into market and are used as 

 substitutes or adulterants of Cassia Cinnamon. These are bitter 

 or nearly tasteless and are free from any aromatic properties. 



Clove bark is obtained from Dicypellium caryophyllatum (Fam. 

 Lauraceae), a tree indigenous to Brazil. The bark comes in long 

 quills, consisting of 6 to 10 pieces of bark. Externally dark brown 

 or purplish-brown; fracture short, with a circle of whitish stone cells 

 near the periderm; odor clove-like; taste mucilaginous and aro- 

 matic, resembling cinnamon. 



A number of other products are also derived from species of Cin- 

 namomum, as the immature fruits of C. Loureirii, which constitute 

 the Cassia buds of the market. The latter are club- or top-shaped, 

 5 to 10 mm. in diameter, with a short stem or pedicel, externally 



