270 SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED PHARMACOGNOSY 



phine in a sealed tube with hydrochloric acid a new salt is formed, 

 known as apomorphine hydrochloride. The latter occurs in minute, 

 nearly colorless, monoclinic prisms, which become greenish on 

 exposure to air and moisture; and the solutions are colored reddish 

 on the addition of dilute solutions of ferric chloride. Pseudomor- 

 phine is a crystalline compound that is formed on heating alkaline 

 solutions of morphine with oxidizing agents. It is insoluble in water, 

 alcohol or even dilute sulphuric acid, but is readily soluble in a solu- 

 tion of potassium hydrate. 



FIG. 123. Codeine sulphate: orthorhombic crystals from hot alcoholic solution. 



Codeine (the methyl ether of morphine) forms anhydrous crystals 

 from solutions in ether or benzol, but the crystals from aqueous solu- 

 tions contain one molecule of water of crystallization. Microscopic 

 x-shaped skeleton crystals separate from alcoholic solutions, which 

 vary in length from about 0.050 to 0.100 mm. and a photomicro- 

 graph of which is shown on p. 767 of Kraemer's Applied and Economic 

 Botany. It forms crystallizable salts, of which the sulphate only 

 will be described. At 25 C. one part of codeine sulphate is soluble 

 in 30 parts of water, and 1035 parts of alcohol. It is insoluble in 



