274 SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED PHARMACOGNOSY 



insoluble in water and solutions of hydrated chloral and very strongly 

 polarizing with a rich display of colors (fragments of crystals of sugar 

 of milk) ; numerous starch grains of ipecac, their presence confirmed 

 by the addition of solutions of iodin, and varying from 0.003 to 0.017 

 mm. in diameter; occasional fragments of tracheids of ipecac, and 

 occasional fragments with the more or less tabular characteristic 

 stone cells of the capsules of the opium poppy, with their light 

 brown, porous and strongly lignified walls. 



Compound Powder of Morphine. Consisting of morphine sul- 

 phate, camphor, powdered glycyrrhiza and precipitated calcium 

 carbonate. Very light brown; with a strong camphoraceous odor 

 and a characteristic sweetish and camphoraceous taste; mounts of 

 compound powder of morphine made in solutions of hydrated chloral 

 show a strong effervescence; if a slight excess of a solution of hydrated 

 chloral containing an equal volume of glycerin is added to a few milli- 

 grammes of the powder upon a slide, slightly heated until effervescence 

 ceases and examined it shows numerous rosette aggregate crystals 

 of calcium carbonate, varying from 0.010 to 0.025 mm. in diameter, 

 and fragments of licorice distinguished by their sclerenchymatous 

 fibers associated with crystal fibers, tracheae with bordered pores and 

 small starch grains in parenchyma cells or isolated, the presence of 

 the latter being confirmed upon the addition of a drop of a solution 

 of iodin; mounts made in any of the fixed oils show numerous rod- 

 shaped crystals of morphine sulphate, which are strongly polarizing 

 and often show a strong play of colors; upon adding a small quantity 

 of the powder to a watch crystal, covering the same with a similar 

 crystal or glass plate and heating cautiously until sublimation is 

 effected, the sublimate shows numerous radiating aggregates of 

 feather-shaped crystals of camphor, which are non-polarizing and 

 readily soluble in alcohol. 



CHELIDONIUM. Celandine. The dried flowering plant of Cheli- 

 donium majus (Fam. Papaveraceae), a perennial herb having an orange 

 milky juice, and common in waste places in the northeastern United 

 States and Canada. The plant should be collected at the time of 

 flowering and used in a nearly fresh condition, as the active principles 

 are partially destoryed and diminished on drying. 



Description. Root fusiform, gradually tapering, from 4 to 10 

 mm. in thickness, becoming very fleshy, attaining a length of 8 cm. 

 and a thickness of 3 cm., externally dark brown, wrinkled and with 

 a few short roots; internally light brown, having a thin bark. Stem 

 cylindrical, somewhat flattened, longitudinally furrowed and wrinkled, 

 more or less branching and distinctly jointed, sparingly pubescent, 



