286 SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED PHARMACOGNOSY 



glandular hair; pigment cells colored deep red and changing to a 

 bright green upon the addition of solutions of the alkalies; epidermal 

 cells elongated with straight walls, having numerous elliptical sto- 

 mata about 0.025 mm. in length, and many 2-celled glandular hairs 

 about 0.040 mm. in diameter, the dividing wall usually more or less 

 curved and the cells being filled with a granular substance, occasion- 

 ally the short glandular hairs are 4-celled, the individual cells being 

 of irregular shape. 



Constituents. A greenish-brown resin, having a slight odor and 

 a very acrid taste; an enzyme capable of converting albumin into 

 peptone; also citric acid and probably malic acid. 



Allied Plants. Drosera longifolia, an allied species, frequently 

 growing with Drosera rotundifolia, is sometimes admixed with or 

 entirely substituted for it. 



SAXIFRAGACEjE, OE SAXIFRAGE FAMILY 



Mostly perennial herbs, seldom annual plants or shrubs, and rep- 

 resented by about 200 species, which are mostly indigenous to 

 the North Temperate zones. There is considerable variation in the 

 position of the leaves, the number of parts to the flower, the 

 character of the inflorescence, and the nature of the fruit. They are 

 especially characterized by having a small embryo embedded in a 

 large endosperm. The tracheae always possess scalariform perfora- 

 tions and the walls adjoining the parenchyma are usually marked by 

 simple pores. The wood fibers have either simple or bordered pores. 

 The non-glandular hairs are of several types and in some genera 

 are calcified, as in Hydrangea, Philadelphus and Deutzia. The 

 glandular hairs usually possess a uniseriate stalk. Calcium oxal- 

 ate occurs in the form of styloids, raphides, rosette aggregates, or 

 sphenoidal microcrystals. 



HYDRANGEA. Wild Hydrangea Root or Seven Barks. 

 The rhizome and roots of Hydrangea, arborescens (Fam. Saxifra- 

 gacese), a beautiful shrub, growing wild on rocks and near streams 

 throughout the central and southern United States. The rhizome 

 and roots are very fleshy and are cut into pieces to facilitate drying. 



Description. Rhizome, cylindrical, usually in pieces 3 to 10 

 cm. in length, 3 to 20 mm. in diameter, light brown to yellowish- 

 brown with a pinkish tinge, longitudinally wrinkled, marked by 

 few elliptical lenticels and occasional prominent buds, short branches 

 or stem scars, and from the lower surface arise a few coarse fibrous 

 roots; fracture tough, splintery; internally yellowish- white or 



