KRAMERIA 337 



(Australian) kino was at one time supposed to be obtained from 

 Eucalyptus resinifera. 



Jamaica kino is obtained from Coccoloba uvifera (Fam. Poly- 

 gonaceae). A number of other India species of Pterocarpus also 

 furnish kino. An African or Gambia kino is obtained from P. eri- 

 naceus, of Senegambia. 



Butea or Bengal kino is obtained from Butea monosperma, a 

 tree growing in western India and Indo-China. 



American dragon's blood, resembling black kino, is obtained 

 from P. Draco, of the West Indies and Guiana. A false dragon's 

 blood is obtained from Copaiba Mopane, of southwestern Africa. 



A tannin resembling kino is obtained from the Jambul tree 

 (Syzygium Jambolana), of India. Tannin is also found in the root 

 bark of Jambosa vulgaris, of the East Indies; the bark of Myrtus 

 brabantica, of Mexico and Peru. A tannin and a coloring principle 

 are found in the bark of Myrtus Arayan, of Mexico and Peru. A 

 tannin and resin are found in the bark of Psidium Guajava, of South 

 America and the West Indies; Speimolepis gummifera, of New 

 Caledonia, and the Myrtle tree (Myrtus communis), of southern 

 Asia and the Mediterranean region, the tannin in the latter plant 

 occurring in larger proportion in . the galls which are produced 

 upon it. 



KRAMERIA. Rhatany. The dried root of various species of 

 Krameria (Fam. Leguminosse, sub-fam. Csesalpinacese), small shrubs 

 indigenous to South America, Mexico and the West Indies. There 

 are three principal commercial varieties: (1) Peruvian Rhatany, 

 which is derived from plants of Krameria triandra, growing in Peru 

 and Bolivia; (2) Savanilla Rhatany, which is derived from more or 

 less disputed species of Krameria (K. Ixina), growing in the United 

 States of Colombia, British Guiana and Brazil, and (3) Para or 

 Brazilian Rhatany, which is supposed to be derived from Krameria 

 argentea, growing in Brazil. 



Peruvian Rhatany. Consisting of a more or less cylindrical 

 crown 50 mm. in length and 15 to 20 mm. in diameter, and numer- 

 ous cylindrical, somewhat tapering, branching roots 10 to 40 cm. in 

 length and 1 to 7 mm. in thickness; externally brownish-red, crown 

 with rugged and scaly bark, roots smooth or slightly wrinkled longi- 

 tudinally; fracture of bark slightly fibrous, of wood, tough and 

 splintery; internally reddish, bark 1 to 2 mm. in thickness,' somewhat 

 easily separable from the lighter colored, slightly radiate wood ; odor 

 slight; wood nearly tasteless, bark astringent. 



Inner Structure. See Fig. 150. 



