KRAMERIA 339 



Powder. Reddish-brown; bast fibers with slightly undulating, 

 non-lignified walls and sharp-pointed ends, frequently associated with 

 crystal fibers; starch grains numerous, single or 2- to 5-compound, 

 the individual grains spheroidal, ellipsoidal, or plano-convex, from 

 0.003 to 0.035 mm. in diameter and sometimes with a central, radial 

 or star-like cleft; trachese with simple or bordered pores, associated 

 with narrow, spindle-shaped, wood fibers having thick, porous, 

 slightly lignified walls; numerous cellular fragments with yellowish- 

 or reddish-brown walls; calcium oxalate in monoclinic prisms, 0.010 

 to 0.100 mm. in length, or in microcrystals. 



Savanilla Rhatany. Crown more or less cylindrical or truncate, 

 rough, knotty; root externally dark reddish-brown, somewhat 

 purplish, with numerous transverse fissures at more or less regular 

 intervals; periderm not scaly; bark about twice as thick as that of 

 Peruvian rhatany. 



Para Rhatany closely resembles the Savanilla variety. 



Constituents. Tannin from 8 to 20 per cent, kramerio acid, 

 starch, an uncrystallizable sugar, and calcium oxalate. The tannin 

 is colored dark green with solutions of ferric salts and is in the nature 

 of a glucoside resembling the one found in Potentilla Tormentilla 

 (Fam. Rosacese) and ^Esculus Hippocastanum (Fam. Hippocas- 

 tanacese). The tannin also yields phloroglucin and protocatechuic 

 acid. 



The tincture of Savanilla rhatany forms a clear solution with 

 water, which gives with an alcoholic solution of lead acetate a pur- 

 plish precipitate and a colorless filtrate; the tincture of Peruvian 

 rhatany forms a cloudy mixture with water, and gives with an alco- 

 holic solution of lead acetate, a reddish-brown precipitate and a 

 light-brown filtrate, which is not further or altered upon the further 

 addition of a drop or two of the reagent, and should give an olive- 

 brown solution, having a purplish fluorescence, upon the addition 

 of a drop or two of a solution of ferric chloride. Aqueous extractive 

 about 9 per cent. Ash about 5 per cent. 



Allied Plants. Krameria lanceolata of the southern United 

 States furnishes the Texas krameria, and K. cistoides of Chile is 

 the source of the Payta krameria. The root of Leea speciosa (Fam. 

 Vitacese), of India has been used as a substitute for Krameria. 



CHRYSAROBINUM. Chrysarobin. Araroba Depurata* A neutral 

 principle extracted from Goa powder, a substance formed as a 

 result of pathological changes in the woody tissues of Vouacapoua 

 (Andira) Araroba (Fam. Leguminosae, sub-fam. Papilionaceae), a 

 large tree growing in the southern portion of the province of Bahia, 



