346 SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED PHARMACOGNOSY 



Powder. Light green; non-glandular hairs, uniseriate, 3-celled; 

 fragments of calyx having glandular hairs, consisting of a 2- to 3- 

 celled stalk and a multicellular head; tracheae and sclerenchymatous 

 fibers associated with crystal fibers, each of the cells of the latter 

 having a single rhombohedral crystal ; pollen grains ellipsoidal, having 

 three thin places for germination of pollen tubes. 



Constituents. Coumarin; melilotic acid, in part free and com- 

 bined with coumarin; a volatile oil (melilotal) which is probably 

 anhydride or lactone of melilotic acid. 



Soy Bean. The seeds of Glycine hispida (Fam. Leguminosae, 

 sub-fam. Papilionacese), an important food plant and forage crop. 

 The plant is an annual with trifoliate hairy leaves, rather incon- 

 spicuous pale or violet-colored flowers, and with broad pods contain- 

 ing 2 to 5 seeds. The seeds are more or less compressed, spheroidal or 

 elliptical and vary in color from whitish or yellowish-green to brown- 

 ish-black. The yield of seed per acre may run as high as 40 bushels. 

 As a forage crop it yields when cured as high as 2 to 3 tons of hay per 

 acre. The seeds contain about 5 per cent of starch and nearly 50 

 per cent protein substances. The seeds are, therefore, very nutritive 

 and are extensively used in feeding of live stock. In Japan the seeds 

 are known as " Soy," being derived from the Japanese word " Shoyu," 

 in allusion to a preparation made from the seeds. In Europe it is 

 also used to a limited extent as a food. In this country it is used to 

 some extent as a food for persons suffering from diabetes. 



Literature. Manufacture of oil. Amer. Jour. Pharm., 1918, 

 90, p. 139. 



TRIFOLIUM. Red Clover Blossoms. The flowering heads of 

 Trifolium pratense (Fam. Leguminosae, sub-fam. Papilionaceae), 

 a perennial herb commonly cultivated for fodder and naturalized 

 throughout the United States. 



Description. Heads globose or ovoid, from 1.5 to 3 cm. in length, 

 consisting of numerous purplish-red or pinkish-brown papilionaceous 

 flowers, about 10 mm. in length; calyx pubescent, and with subulate 

 teeth shorter than the corolla; odor fragrant; taste somewhat sweet- 

 ish and bitter. 



Constituents. A volatile oil, coumaric acid, salicylic acid, myricyl 

 alcohol, heptacosane, hentriacontane, sitosterol, isorhamnetin, 

 together with several new phenolic substances and glucosides, a 

 mixture of fatty acids and a considerable quantity of sugar. Power, 

 Journ. Chem. Soc., 1910, p. 231. 



Allied Plants. The flowers of Trifolium incarnatum (Fam. 

 Leguminosae), contain a volatile oil, a quantity of sugar, benzoic 



