JABORANDI 365 



in length, brownish-green, dehiscent along the ventral suture and 

 contains one or two sub-globular, somewhat flattened, black, glossy 

 seeds; odor aromatic; taste pungent and bitter. Zanthoxylum 

 fruits contain a volatile oil and resin. 



PILOCARPUS. Jaborandi. The leaflets of various species of 

 Pilocarpus (Fam. Rutacese), shrubs indigenous to Brazil. There are 

 three principal commercial varieties: (1) Pernambuco Jaborandi, 

 obtained from P. Jaborandi; (2) Paraguay Jaborandi, yielded by P. 

 pinnatifolius, and (3) Maranham Jaborandi, obtained from P. 

 microphyllus. The name, Jaborandi, is applied to a number of other 

 plants growing in Brazil besides those of the genus Pilocarpus. 



Pernambuco Jaborandi. Elliptical, lanceolate or oblong-lance- 

 olate, 6 to 12 cm. in length, 1.5 to 4 cm. in breadth; summit obtuse, 

 more or less emarginate; base rounded or acute, unequal; margin 

 entire, slightly revolute; upper surface dark green or brownish- 

 green, glabrous, midrib more or less depressed near the summit, 

 veins of the first order prominent, diverging at an angle of 35 to 50 

 and uniting with each other near the margin ; under surface yellowish- 

 or greenish-brown, pubescent, with numerous light-brown projec- 

 tions, midrib prominent, yellowish-brown; petiolule 3 to 5 mm. in 

 length; glandular-punctate; texture coriaceous, brittle; odor slight; 

 taste bitter, somewhat aromatic, becoming pungent. 



Paraguay Jaborandi. Oblong-lanceolate, ovate or obovate, 

 8 to 12 cm. in length, 2.5 to 5 cm. in breadth; summit slightly 

 emarginate; base equal; margin very slightly revolute; upper sur- 

 face dark green, midrib and veins of the first order not very prom- 

 inent, the latter diverging at an angle of 25 to 45; under surface 

 grayish-green or light green, glabrous, with numerous papillae; mid- 

 rib yellowish, with few short hairs; frequently with black disk-like 

 fruits of a species of Puccinia on both surfaces; texture as in Per- 

 nambuco jaborandi, but only about one-half as thick. 



Maranham Jaborandi. Oblong-ovate, or oblanceolate, 1.5 to 4 

 cm. in length, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. in breadth; summit deeply emarginate; 

 base tapering into the petiolule; margin distinctly revolute; upper 

 surface bright green, glabrous, sometimes shiny, midrib prominent, 

 veins of the first order not very prominent, diverging at an angle of 

 35 to 45; under surface grayish-green; frequently with black disk- 

 like fruits of a species of Puccinia on both surfaces; petiolule about 8 

 mm. in length; texture as in Paraguay Jaborandi, but thinner. 



Inner Structure. (Fig. 160.) Epidermal cells with a yellowish 

 layer of cutin, from 0.005 to 0.010 mm. in thickness, palisade cells, 1 

 to 3 rows deep, among which occur large, nearly circular, oil secretion 



