370 



SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED PHARMACOGNOSY 



two crystalline glucosides, diosmin and hesperidin (see Aurantii 

 Amari Cortex) ; mucilage and calcium oxalate. 



Allied Plants. The leaves of Barosma crenulata are occasionally 

 found in the market; they are ovate, obovate or oblong-lanceolate, 

 about twice as broad as long buchu, with a slightly toothed and 

 glandular margin, more or less rounded summit, and yield 1.6 per 

 cent of volatile oil resembling that of short buchu. Short Buchu 

 has been substituted by the leaves of Barosma pulchellum. 



Adulterants. The leaves of Empleurum ensatum (Fam. Ruta- 

 cese) have been offered for long buchu (see Fig. 162). They have a 

 bitter taste and yield about 1 per cent of a volatile oil which does 



FIG. 163. Transverse section through the leaf of Barosma serratifolia Willd; 

 e, epidermal cells of upper surface, the inner walls of which are mucilaginous. 

 The mucilage (m) frequently includes dendritic excretions of hesperidin in 

 the form of feather-like aggregates, which dissolve in solutions of potassium 

 hydroxide, giving a yellow color; p, palisade cells, some of which contain 

 rosette aggregates of calcium oxalate; c, chloronchyma, some of cells contain- 

 ing rosette aggregates of calcium oxalate, also a large vascular bundle 

 (mestome strand) with a stereomatic pericycle forming an arch on the 

 dorsal face; d, epidermis of lower (or dorsal) face of the leaf. After Sol- 

 ereder. 



not contain a crystalline principle. Long Buchu has also been sub- 

 stituted by the leaves of Empleurum serratulatum. 



The trifoliate leaves of Psoralea obliqua are obtained from a 

 South African shrub. The leaflets are oblique or unequal-sided, 

 dentate, bitter, glandular and have numerous simple hairs. 



Karoo Buchu is deiived from Diosma succulenta, of South Africa. 

 The leaves are ovate, 3 to 6 mm. in length, coriaceous, obtuse and , 

 slightly recurved at the summit. They yield an oil with a pepper- 

 mint-like odor containing diosphenol, and 26 per cent of extractive. 

 The leaves of aniseed buchu (B. pulchella) are smaller than those of 

 B. betulina and have an odor of citronella. 



