ANGUSTURA 375 



(2) galipine, which crystallizes in white needles and forms yellow 

 crystalline salts; (3) cusparidine, and (4) galipidine yield bitter salts, 

 the former being white and the latter pale yellow; and (5) cuspareine, 

 which crystallizes in white needles. It also contains from 1.5 to 1.9 

 per cent of a volatile oil; a bitter principle angosturin which forms a 

 white microcrystalline powder; and a glucoside. 



Allied Plants. The drug has been adulterated with and substi- 

 tuted by the barks of a number of other plants, among which the 

 following may be mentioned: Cusparia febrifuga, a tree growing in 

 Venezuela, Brazil and Colombia. The bark resembles the true 

 Angostura bark, but possesses a yellowish-white cork, the walls of 

 which are not thickened; secretion cavities and raphides of calcium 

 oxalate are both wanting; the bast fibers occur in regular tangen- 

 tial ly arranged groups and the walls are nearly straight; stone cells 

 are very few and quite small; the bark yields only a small quantity 

 of alkaloids. 



Brazilian Angostura is the bark of Esenbeckia febrifuga, a tree 

 growing in the forests of Brazil. It is externally of a silver-gray or 

 grayish-brown color, and marked by numerous lenticular lenticels 

 and dark patches of lichens; internally the color is brownish and 

 marked by distinct transverse light and dark areas. It contains 

 numerous groups of stone cells and tannin secretion cells; calcium 

 oxalate in the form of prisms are abundant; the oil-canals are very 

 large and distributed throughout the parenchyma of primary and 

 secondary cortex. Esenbeckia contains 0.1 per cent of volatile oil 

 and a number of alkaloids. 



The bark of Strychnos Nux vomica has been substituted and has 

 produced serious consequences, causing the use of Angostura to be 

 prohibited at one time in some countries. It is distinguished by a 

 distinct line of stone cells separating the inner bark from the middle 

 cortical layer. 



SIMARUBACE^I, OR QUASSIA FAMILY 



Chiefly tropical or sub-tropical trees and shrubs, with alternate 

 and pinnately compound leaves, regular flowers and drupaceous 

 or samara-like fruits. In the pericycle occur isolated groups of bast 

 fibers and in some cases it is made up of a composite and continuous 

 ring of sclerenchyma. The tracheae usually have simple perforations 

 and the wood fibers either possess slit-like, simple pores or are free 

 from any perforations. The tracheae when adjoining parenchyma 

 cells have bordered pores on the dividing wall. Resin canals occur 



