396 SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED PHARMACOGNOSY 



rottlerin; isorottlerin; two reddish-yellow resins; a coloring principle 

 and wax. It also contains *a trace of volatile oil, starch, sugar, 

 tannin, oxalic and citric acids. 



Cascarilla. CORTEX CASCARILL^ OR CASCARILLA BARK. 

 The dried bark of Croton Eluteria (Fam. Euphorbiaceae), a tree-like 

 shrub indigenous to the West Indies. The commercial supplies are 

 chiefly obtained from Nassau, Bahama Islands. The bark was 

 formerly official and is now used to a limited extent in medicine. 

 On account of the aromatic odor which it emits on burning, it is 

 used in fumigating mixtures. It is largely used in flavoring liquors 

 and in scenting tobacco. 



Description. In quills or transversely curved pieces, from 2.5 

 to 10 cm. in length, 4 to 12 mm. in width, and 0.5 to 3 mm. in thick- 

 ness; externally grayish-brown with patches of foliaceous lichens, 

 having minute black apothecia, longitudinally wrinkled and trans- 

 versely fissured; inner surface dark brown, longitudinally striate; 

 fracture short, uneven, resinous; fractured surface showing an 

 easily exfoliated cork, primary cortex more or less mottled from the 

 whitish oil cells and the brownish resin cells; secondary cortex, dark 

 reddish-brown with narrow, white medullary rays, between which 

 are distributed the strands of leptome and secretion cells; odor 

 aromatic, fragrant; taste aromatic and very bitter. 



Inner Structure. Corky layer consisting of large tabular or 

 polygonal cells, the outer walls being very thick, and the inner walls 

 relatively thin, having numerous small projections in which are 

 imbedded minute rod-shaped crystals of calcium oxalate. It is 

 supposed that the whitish color of the bark is due in part to these 

 crystal cells. Phellpderm consisting of small thin-walled starch- 

 bearing parenchyma, colorless oil secretion cells having suberized 

 walls, crystal cells containing rosette aggregates of calcium oxalate, 

 and tannin secretion cells containing an orange- or reddish-brown 

 amorphous content, which is colored deep blue with solutions of 

 ferric salts; primary cortex having small groups of sieve and an 

 interrupted circle of sclerenchymatous fibers, near which occur the 

 laticiferous cells that are filled with a brownish colored secretion; 

 secondary cortex with numerous medullary rays, 1 to 3 cells in 

 width, and from 15 to 20 cells in height, each cell containing either a 

 rosette aggregate or a monoclinic prism of calcium oxalate; between 

 the numerous plates of more or less collapsed sieve occur numerous 

 oil secretion cells, which are arranged in short rows, and a few bast 

 fibers, having strongly thickened lamellated and somewhat undulate 

 walls; the parenchyma cells of the secondary cortex contain either 



