426 



SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED PHARMACOGNOSY 



consisting chiefly of rhamnocitrin, which forms golden-yellow crystals 

 and on hydrolysis yields /3-rhamnocitrin; and rhamnolutin, which 



v * A',; 



C W f 



Rf 



FIG. 186. Rhamnus cathartica: A, cross-section through wall of the pericarp; 

 E, epicarp; F, sarcocarp; H, endocarp; e, epidermis; o, calcium oxalate in 

 cells of hypodermis; p, parenchyma; h, secretion cells containing a sub- 

 stance which is insoluble in alcohol or hydrated chloral solutions, soluble 

 in solutions of potassium hydroxide, and colored reddish-brown or greenish 

 with ferric chloride solutions; c. calcium oxalate cells of endocarp; w, scler- 

 otic cells; /, stereome cells. B, cross-section of entire fruit, showing one seed; 

 E, F, H, g, f, w, as in A; S, seed-coat; S', outer wall of seed-coat; End, 

 endosperm; c, cotyledons; g, vascular bundle. C, cross-section of a seed : 

 S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , different layers of the seed-coat; R, vascular bundle of raphe; t, 

 position of vessels of mestome strand ; g, mestome strand ; Rf. cleft in which 

 raphe is situated; End, endosperm; C, cotyledons; Sv, cells with thick 

 walls; Sp, parenchyma tous cells. After Meyer. 



crystallizes in yellow needles and is isomeric with luteolin and fisetin; 

 also a small quantity of rhamnochrysin which forms orange needles. 



