GAMBOGE 443 



have rather characteristic crystal fibers. STRAWBERRY (Fragaria 

 vesca) has long, unicellular, non-glandular hairs, the basal portions 

 of which have thick walls with simple pores, and glandular hairs 

 consisting of a 3-celled stalk and large head, the cells swelling con- 

 siderably in hydrated chloral solutions. The leaves of the WILLOW- 

 HERB (Epilobium angustifolium) contain numerous raphides and 

 the non-glandular hairs are slightly wavy, rather broad and with 

 rounded ends. WILLOW leaves (species of Salix) have small stomata 

 (about 0.025 mm. in diameter) with two accompanying cells; the 

 hairs are crooked and with thin walls; the calcium oxalate occurs 

 in rosette aggregates and monoclinic prisms. WISTARIA (Kraunhia 

 floribunda) has non-glandular hairs with 2 short basal cells and a 

 long, thin-walled pointed cell; stomata only occur in the lower 

 epidermis. 



GUTTIFERE, OR GAMBOGE FAMILY 



A family of about 400 species of tropical trees and shrubs. They 

 all possess schizogenous resin-canals in both the pith and cortex. 

 Resin cavities are also found in the leaves of certain genera. Lysi- 

 genous mucilage receptacles are present in Quinia. The tracheae 

 are marked by simple pores; the wood fibers may possess either simple 

 or bordered pores; and wood parenchyma occurs in rather broad 

 strands in the xylem. Calcium oxalate is usually secreted in the form 

 of solitary crystals or rosette aggregates, occasionally it occurs in 

 small prismatic crystals, as in Garcinia. The stomata are especially 

 characterized in having the subsidiary cells parallel to the pore. 

 Non-glandular hairs are either unicellular or uniseriate. Glandular 

 hairs are wanting. 



CAMBOGIA. Gamboge. A gum-resin obtained from Garcinia 

 Hanburyi (Fam. Guttiferse), a tree found growing on the Malabar 

 coast and in Travancore. Spiral incisions are made in the bark of 

 the trees, and the gum-resin which exudes is collected in hollow bam- 

 boo stems; it is then allowed to dry slowly, after which the bamboo is 

 removed. It is chiefly exported by way of Singapore and is known 

 commercially as pipe gamboge. 



Description. In cylindrical pieces, frequently hollow in the 

 center, of variable length, 2 to 5 cm. in diameter; externally grayish- 

 orange brown, longitudinally striate, due to the ridges on the inner 

 surface of the bamboo canes in which they have been dried; hard; 

 fracture short, the fractured surface being orange-red, waxy and some- 

 what porous; inodorous; taste very acrid. 



