DAMIANA 449 



and with branching pores; numerous large oil cells with suberized 

 walls. 



Constituents. Canella bark contains mannitol, resin and 0.5 to 

 1.28 per cent, of a volatile oil containing eugenol, cineol, cary- 

 ophyllene and pinene. 



Adulterants. The barks of one or more species of Cinnamo- 

 dendron of tropical America are sometimes substituted for Canella 

 bark, but they are distinguished by containing tannin, which con- 

 stituent is not found in Canella. 



A small family of tropical plants, of which there are about 100 

 species, distinguished among other characteristics by the fact that 

 they contain tannin cells in the primary cortex, which are frequently 

 developed in the form of idioblasts. In the pericycle occur isolated 

 groups of bast fibers. The tracheae are marked with simple pores or 

 scalariform thickenings, except when in contact with the parenchyma, 

 when the dividing walls possess bordered pores. In the wood fibers 

 bordered pores are usually present, although simple perforations may 

 occur. Glandular and non-glandular hairs of a number of types are 

 developed. Large nectarial glands occur on the margin and base of 

 the leaves of Turnora and other genera. 



DAMIANA. Folia Damianae, Damiana Leaves. The leaves 

 and flowering tops of Turnera aphrodisiaca and T. diffusa (Fam. 

 Turneracese) , small shrubs indigenous to Brazil, the West Indies, 

 Mexico and California (Fig. 196). The drug is chiefly imported from 

 La Paz, Bolivia. 



T. APHRODISIACA. Leaves elliptical-ovate to obovate, from 1 to 3 

 cm. in length, and 4 to 10 mm. in breadth; short petiolate, summit 

 acute, base spatulate, margin sharply dentate, upper surface pale 

 green, smooth or somewhat glabrous, lower surface glabrous, having 

 short glandular hairs ; odor aromatic ; taste somewhat bitter and acrid. 



T. DIFFUSA. The leaves closely resemble those of T. aphro- 

 disiaca, but are smaller, being about one-half their size, and are 

 more hairy, being densely tomentose on the lower surface. 



The STEMS, which are present in both species, vary from 2 to 10 

 cm. in length, and from 0.5 to 2 mm. in thickness; light-reddish 

 brown or dark brown, smaller twigs being pubescent, the older marked 

 by lenticular depressions due to cork formation; fracture short, 

 fibrous; bark and pith small, wood porous, light yellow and resinous. 



