466 SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED PHARMACOGNOSY 



ian kino seems to be more unstable than Malabar kino and is 

 converted into insoluble kino red, particularly if not thoroughly 

 dried. 



Eucalyptus kino is also obtained from the following species: 

 Iron-bark tree (E, Leucoxylon), E. Gunnii, E. obliqua, E. piper- 

 ata, E. falcifolia, E. stellulata, E. macrorhyncha, E. amygdalina 

 radiata. Several species of Angophora yield a kino which is wholly 

 soluble in alcohol and is entirely free from gum. So-called Botany 

 Bay (Australian) kino was at one time supposed to be obtained from 

 Eucalyptus resinifera. 



CARYOPHYLLUS. Cloves. The flower-buds of Jambosa Caryo- 

 phyllus (Syn. Eugenia Caryophyllata and E. aromatica) (Fam. 

 Myrtacese), an evergreen tree, indigenous to the Molucca Islands, 

 where it is also cultivated, as well as in Zanzibar, Ceylon and Java. 

 The flower-buds are collected, dried in the sun or artificially, the color 

 changing from a crimson to a brownish. The chief commercial sup- 

 plies come from Amboyna, Penang and Zanzibar, the former two 

 varieties being preferred. 



Description. About 15 mm. in length, 3 to 6 mm. in diameter, 

 more or less cylindrical, dark brown, calyx epigynous with four 

 incurved teeth about 3 mm. in length, surmounted by a light-brown 

 globular portion consisting of four, imbricated, glandular-punctate 

 petals, which alternate with the calyx teeth; stamens numerous, 

 crowded and incurved, style one, ovary 2-locular, with numerous 

 ovules; odor and taste strongly aromatic. 



Powder. (Fig. 202.) Light brown to reddish-brown; pollen 

 grains, from 0.015 to 0.020 mm. in diameter, tetrahedral, somewhat 

 spheroidal, with three pores; calcium oxalate crystals in rosette 

 aggregates from 0.010 to 0.015 mm. in diameter, occasionally in 

 crystal fibers; sclerenchymatous fibers spindle-shaped, thick-walled, 

 strongly lignified and with simple oblique pores; tracheae spiral, 

 thick-walled; oil secretory cavities and oil globules numerous. The 

 powder of CLOVE STEMS is less aromatic and contains numerous yel- 

 low, nearly isodiametric and irregular, thick-walled stone cells, having 

 numerous pores; and also scalariform and reticulate tracheae. The 

 powder of the fruit of cloves, or so-called MOTHER OF CLOVES, contains 

 numerous single, ellipsoidal and irregular polygonal starch grains, 

 having an excentral point of origin of growth, and varying in length 

 from 0.010 to 0.035 mm. The pericarp of the fruit also contains 

 numerous irregular stone cells and sclerenchymatous fibers, the latter 

 being oblong and attaining a length of 5 mm., the walls being very 

 irregular in outline. 



