478 SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED PHARMACOGNOSY 



Constituents. Panax repens contains 20.8 per cent of saponin. 

 The latter constituent is also present in ginseng and other members 

 of the Araliacese, as Panax fruticosum, of tropical Asia; Aralia mon- 

 tana, of Java; Polyscias nodosa, of the Malay peninsula; Hep- 

 tapleurum venulosum, of tropical Asia and Australia; and Trevesia 

 sundaica, of Java. 



Literature. Rosenthaler and Stadler, Ber. d. d. pharm. Ges., 

 1907, p. 450. 



UMBELLIFER^:, OR CARROT FAMILY 



A family of about 1600 species of herbs, which are widely dis- 

 tributed, being most abundant in the temperate zones. The leaves 

 are alternate and mostly decompound ; the flowers may be of various 

 colors, but are always arranged in umbels; the fruit is a cremocarp, 

 the morphological characters of which are relied upon in the taxo- 

 nomic study of the species. The plants resemble in many respects 

 the Araliaceae. Schizogenous secretory canals are found in the 

 primary cortex, pericycle, pith and occasionally in the secondary 

 cortex. The contents of the canals being a volatile oil, resin or gum, 

 which in the fresh state is either of a clear and aqueous character or of 

 a milky consistency and of a white or yellowish color. There is 

 usually a collenchymatous thickening of the cell walls of the primary 

 cortex, corresponding to the ribs of the stems and fruits. Medullary 

 vascular bundles occur in several modifications in the stem. The 

 vascular bundles of the petiole are always isolated. In the root of 

 Oenanthe the vascular bundles in the cortex are of the concentric 

 type. The walls of the tracheae and wood fibers usually possess 

 simple pores. The pith of the internodes is usually hollow. Cal- 

 cium oxalate is usually secreted in the form of rosette aggregates, 

 but in the stem also occurs as solitary crystals. Non-glandular hairs 

 occasionally are present and may be unicellular, stellate, multiseriate 

 or abietiform. Glandular hairs are wanting. 



ANISUM. Anise. The dried, ripe fruit of Pimpinella Anisum 

 (Fam. Umbelliferae), an annual herb, indigenous to Asia Minor, 

 Egypt and Greece, and cultivated in South America, Germany, 

 Spain, Italy and southern Russia., The drug is derived from culti- 

 vated plants, and that obtained from Spain, and known as " Alicante 

 Anise," is preferred. 



Description. Mericarps usually coherent and attached to a 

 slender pedicel 4 to 10 mm. in length; cremocarp ovoid, laterally 

 compressed, 4 to 5 mm. in length, about 2 mm. in diameter, exter- 



