ANISE 479 



nally greenish-brown or grayish-green, with ten yellowish, filiform, 

 primary ribs, finely pubescent, summit with a ring-like disk and two 

 projecting divergent styles about 0.5 mm. in length; internally 

 yellowish-brown, with a slender carpophore attached to each mericarp, 

 the latter in section irregularly plano-convex, slightly concave on the 

 commissural side and usually with two large vittae on each face, 

 dorsal surface with 30 to 40 vittae; seed somewhat reniform in section, 

 closely cohering to the pericarp, with a small embryo at the upper end 

 of the reserve layer; odor and taste pleasantly aromatic. 



Inner Structure. (Fig. 206.) An epidermal layer with numerous 

 papillae and short, one-celled, non-glandular hairs having very thick, 

 papillose walls ; primary ribs each with a small fibrovascular bundle, 

 surrounded by a few sclerenchymatous fibers; vittse or oil secretory 

 canals, 13 to 56 in number, extending as a more or less interrupted 

 circle in the tissues of the mesocarp on the dorsal side of each meri- 

 carp; 2 large vittae on the commissural surface, each separated from 

 the other tissues of the mericarp by a large cavity due to shrinkage 

 of the seed-coat; inner epidermis of pericarp consisting of a layer of 

 narrow tangentially elongated cells closely united with the seed-coat, 

 the inner walls of which are yellowish-brown and considerably thick- 

 ened ; endosperm of polygonal, thick-walled cells, filled with spheroi- 

 dal or ellipsoidal aleurone grains, each containing a small rosette 

 aggregate of calcium oxalate; the aleurone grains embedded in an 

 oily protoplasm, the oil of which is liberated upon mounting sections 

 in solutions of potassium hydrate or hydrated chloral, and appearing 

 in the form of small globules; epidermal layer near the middle of 

 the commissural surface composed of 2 or 3 rows of cells with thick, 

 porous walls, and beneath which is a layer containing small groups of 

 thick-walled cells resembling stone cells. 



Powder. Yellowish-brown; non-glandular hairs from 0.025 to 

 0.200 mm. in length and from 0.010 to 0.015 mm. in width, 1-celled, 

 straight or curved, with numerous slight centrifugal projections; 

 calcium oxalate in rosette aggregates from 0.002 to 0.003 mm. in 

 diameter, being present in the aleurone grains, which are about 0.006 

 mm. in diameter; vittae (in fragments) from 0.010 to 0.150 mm. in 

 width and showing a marked tendency to branch; long, narrow, 

 brownish epidermal cells; sclerenchymatous cells of carpophore 

 having simple pores and occasional scalariform thickenings. 



Italian Anise is occasionally ADMIXED WITH CONIUM which is 

 distinguished by the absence of hairs and vittse and the presence 

 of coniine, which is determined by the development of the character- 

 istic odor on rubbing up the powder with alkalies or placing the 



