494 SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED PHARMACOGNOSY 



to England and extensively cultivated throughout the temperate 

 regions of Europe and the United States, for its succulent leaf-stalks 

 or fleshy roots and in France for its aromatic fruits, all of these 

 being used for culinary purposes. The fruits are also used to a 

 limited extent in medicine. 



Description. Mericarps usually separate; cremocarp ovoid, 

 laterally flattened, the mericarps being somewhat crescent-shaped, 

 from 1 to 2 mm. in length and usually less than 1 mm. in diameter; 

 externally dark-brown, having 5 yellowish ribs, alternating with the 

 somewhat roughened furrows; in transverse section, nearly regularly 

 pentagonal with 2 vittse or oil canals on the commissural side, and 

 from 4 to 8 vitta3 on the dorsal surface, i.e., from 1 to 3 in each of the 

 grooves between the primary ribs; endosperm large, oily, enclosing 

 a small embryo; odor distinct; taste aromatic, somewhat pungent. 



Inner Structure. (Fig. 212.) An epidermal layer of cells, having 

 a thick, slighly papillose cuticle; sarcocarp of several rows of polyg- 

 onal cells among which are distributed the large vittae or oil canals 

 (there being usually from 1 to 3 in each of the grooves between the 

 primary ribs), and the small fibrovascular bundles consisting of a few 

 tracheae, surrounded by a group of strongly lignified sclerenchy- 

 matous fibers; endocarp of compressed brownish cells; seed-coat 

 consisting of several layers of yellowish-brown, more or less col- 

 lapsed cells; endosperm of thick-walled polyhedral cells, containing 

 an oily cytoplasm, and numerous aleurone grains, the latter each 

 containing a single rosette aggregate of calcium oxalate, from 0.002 

 to 0.006 mm. in diameter. 



Constituents. A colorless volatile oil, from 2.5 to 3 per cent, 

 consisting of d-limone and 90 per cent of hydrocarbons. The fresh 

 celery leaves yield about 0.1 per cent of a volatile oil, having a 

 greenish-yellow color and being soluble, forming a clear solution, with 

 10 parts of 90 per cent alcohol. 



Standard of Purity. Celery seed is the dried fruit of Apium 

 graveolens L. It contains not more than 10 per cent of total ash, 

 nor more than 2 per cent of ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid. (U. S. 

 Dept. Agric.) 



Literature. Gildemeister and Hoffman (Trans, by Kremers), 

 The Volatile Oils, p. 545. 



ANGELICAS RADIX. Angelica Root. The rhizome and roots 

 of Angelica Archangelica (Fam. Umbelliferse), a biennial plant 

 indigenous to northern Europe and Siberia and extensively cultivated 

 in Hungary and northern Europe. The large fleshy roots are gath- 

 ered in the fall, cut longitudinally into pieces and carefully dried. It 



