496 SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED PHARMACOGNOSY 



Constituents. Volatile oil from 0.35 to 1 per cent, nearly color- 

 less when fresh, becoming yellowish-brown on keeping, and possessing 

 an aromatic odor resembling a mixture of pepper and musk. It 

 contains a terpene having the odor of pepper, phellandrene, cymol, 

 etc. Angelica also contains 6 per cent of resin; angelic acid, 0.3 per 

 cent; a bitter principle; a crystalline substance resembling hydro- 

 carotin, and known as angelicin; valeric acid; tannic acid; starch; 

 cane sugar; and ash from 6 to 8 per cent. 



Angelicas Fructus. Angelica Fruit, commonly referred to as 

 Angelica seed, has been used in medicine. It consists of the ripe 

 fruits of Angelica Archangelica. The cremocarps are ovoid, pale 

 yellowish-brown, from 4 to 8 mm. in length, flattened upon the com- 

 missural face, and in transverse section show 6 large vittse or oil canals; 

 the odor and taste are similar to Angelica root. They yield about 1 

 per cent of a volatile oil having a similar composition to that obtained 

 from the roots. 



Herba Angelicas. The dried leaves and flowering tops, of Angelica 

 Archangelica, yield about 0.1 per cent of a volatile oil and are used 

 similarly as the roots and fruits of Angelica. 



Sumbul. The dried rhizome and roots of Ferula Sumbul (Fam. 

 Umbelliferse) , a perennial herb indigenous to Turkestan. The drug 

 is exported by way of Petrograd, and is commonly known as musk- 

 root. 



Description. In cylindrical, sometimes branched, transverse 

 segments, 3 to 10 cm. in length and 1.5 to 7 cm. in diameter, very 

 light: externally light to dark brown, distinctly annulate, periderm 

 easily separable; the upper part of the rhizome with occasional cir- 

 cular scars and leaf -remnants consisting of stout fibers; fracture 

 short, fibrous but irregular ; internally, light yellow, resinous, spongy, 

 porous, arrangement of wood irregular, due to anomalous secondary 

 cambiums, bark dark brown, about 0.5 mm. in thickness; odor 

 musk-like; taste bitter, pungent. 



Inner Structure. Epidermal cells having yellowish-brown walls; 

 thick cortex consisting of the irregularly twisted tissues of leptome and 

 parenchyma, among which are the large, uniseriate, oleo-resinous 

 secretion canals; xylem made up of easily separable radiate wood 

 wedges, between which are the starch-bearing medullary rays and 

 oleo-resin canals, the latter containing a reddish brown or brownish- 

 black resinous substance, similar to that found in the canals of the 

 cortex; pith small. 



Powder. Grayish-brown or dark brown; tracheae, from 0.030 

 to 0.100 mm. in width, and having scalariform perforations, occa- 



